A maiden application of modified grey wolf algorithm optimized cascade tilt-integral-derivative controller in load frequency control

Retaining area frequency to its steady-state value following load variation is one of the critical concerns in the control and operation of a multi-area interconnected power plant. This study exhibits a maiden application of cascade tilt-integral-derivative (CC-TID) controller in load frequency control (LFC) of a power system. The TID-controller is employed as a slave controller, and conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller is utilized as a master controller while designing CC-TID controller. To reveal the effectiveness of the CC-TID controller, a four-area interconnected power plant is investigated. The controller parameters are simultaneously optimized by implementing modified grey wolf optimization (mGWO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the CC-TID controller is compared with I-, PID-, PI-PD, and TID-controllers for the same test system. The comparison reveals that CC-TID yields better output compared to other controllers concerning peak overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. Moreover, the supremacy of mGWO-algorithm is confirmed over flower pollination algorithm (FPA). The system is investigated with step load and random load disturbances.