Pulmonary Nocardiosis and Cryptococcosis Co-Infection in First Diagnosis of HIV Infection A Case Report

Pulmonary infections among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be caused by more than 1 organism. Pulmonary nocardiosis co-infection with cryptococcosis among patients with AIDS was extremely rare and has never been reported. Here, we report a case of pulmonary co-infection with nocardiosis and cryptococcosis in a 54-year-old HIV-positive man presenting productive cough and constitutional symptoms. Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy culture were positive for Nocardia species and Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was treated with cotrimoxazole plus ceftriaxone for Nocardia species and fluconazole for C. neoformans. Etiology of pulmonary infections among patients with AIDS may be caused by multiple organisms. Among patients with AIDS having chest radiographic abnormality, an aggressive diagnostic approach should be warranted to accurately diagnose and appropriately manage.