GENERALIZED MASLOV INDICES FOR NON-HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS

We extend the definition of the Maslov index to a broad class of non-Hamiltonian dynamical systems. To do this, we introduce a family of topological spaces---which we call MaslovArnold spaces---that share key topological features with the Lagrangian Grassmannian and hence admit a similar index theory. This family contains the Lagrangian Grassmannian and much more. We construct a family of examples, called hyperplane Maslov-Arnold spaces, that are dense in the Grassmannian and hence are much larger than the Lagrangian Grassmannian (which is a submanifold of positive codimension). The resulting index is then used to study eigenvalue problems for nonsymmetric reaction-diffusion systems. A highlight of our analysis is a topological interpretation of the Turing instability: the bifurcation that occurs as one increases the ratio of diffusion coefficients corresponds to a change in the generalized Maslov index.