Ethnopharmacological application of medicinal plants to cure skin diseases and in folk cosmetics among the tribal communities of North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan

Aim of the study The present investigation is an attempt to find out ethnopharmacological application of medicinal plants to cure skin diseases and in folk cosmetics Method We interviewed respondents in 30 remote sites of North-West Frontier Province by a structured interview form in the local language and respondents were queried for the type of herbal cure known to him Results A total of 66 plant species belonging to 45 families have been recorded Seventy-five medications for 15 skin diseases and cosmetics were documented The mode of application was topical as well as oral administration. Water, milk, ghee, oil, eggs, sulphur and butter are used during administration of herbal remedies About 15 plant species are known for their use to cure multiple skin diseases Among these Berber's lyceum, Bergenia ciliata, Melia azedarach, Otostegia limbata, Phyla nodiflora, Prunus persica and Zingiber officinale constitutes major plants The herbal cosmetics products range from face freshness, removal of ugly spots, hair care, and colouring of palm, feet, gums, and teeth Conclusion Most of the reported species are wild and rare, this demands an urgent attention to conserve such vital resources so as to optimize their use in the primary health care system Since most of the skin diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi in this context, phytochemical screening for active constituents, biological activities and clinical studies is of global importance (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved