Porphyrin framework solids. Synthesis and structure of hybrid coordination polymers of tetra(carboxyphenyl)porphyrins and lanthanide-bridging ions

New types of porphyrin-based framework solids were constructed by reacting meso-tetra(3-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)metalloporphyrins with common salts of lanthanide metal ions. The large size, high coordination numbers and strong affinity for oxo ligands of the latter, combined with favorable hydrothermal reaction conditions, allowed the formation of open three-dimensional single-framework architectures by coordination polymerization, in which the tetradentate porphyrin units are intercoordinated by multinuclear assemblies of the bridging metal ions. The latter serve as construction pillars of the supramolecular arrays, affording stable structures. Several modes of coordination polymerization were revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They differ by the spatial functionality of the porphyrin building blocks, the coordination patterns of the lanthanide-carboxylate assemblies, and the topology of the resulting frameworks. The seven new reported structures exhibit periodically spaced 0.4-0.6 nm wide channel voids that perforate the respective crystalline polymeric architectures and are accessible to solvent components. Materials based on the m-carboxyphenyl derivative reveal smaller channels than those based on the p-carboxyphenyl analogues. An additional complex of the former with a smaller third-row transition metal (Co) is characterized by coordination connectivity in two dimensions only. Thermal and powder-diffraction analyses confirm the stability of the lanthanide-TmCPP (TmCPP = tetra(m-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) frameworks.