Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Intracranial Leiomyosarcoma in an HIV-positive Adolescent

A 17-year-old African American female with human immunodeficiency virus infection presented with an unresectable intracranial neoplasm with mass effect upon the brainstem. Stereotactic biopsy revealed an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated leiomyosarcoma. Radiation therapy and gemcitabine were used to shrink the mass with the aim to make it surgically resectable. Prolonged neutropenia and recurrent skin infections led to the discontinuation of gemcitabine. The mass stabilized after radiation therapy and has decreased in size in 15 months of follow-up. EBV has been demonstrated in most smooth muscle tumors associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other immunocompromised states. This is the first documented case of an EBV-positive intracranial leiomyosarcoma in a pediatric human immunodeficiency virus patient.