Analysis of friction and wear processes in an innovative spine stabilization system: part 1. A study of static and kinetic friction of a metal rod-polymer cord friction joint

Purpose: This analysis is the first part of research that aims to develop a model of the tribological wear of PE-UHMW cord - biometal rod combination. This type of sliding joint is applied in spine stabilization systems that enable the treatment of early-onset idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The friction tests included force measurements, followed by the determination of static and kinetic friction coefficients as a function of the number of the performed movement cycles, and static friction coefficient with regards to the string tension force FN in the range from 50 N to 300 N. Additionally, the surface roughness and microscopic observations of the metal rods were made. The friction measurements were carried out at a stabilized temperature T = 38 degrees C in the presence of distilled water and acidic sodium lactate. Results: The measurements confirmed the impact of both the number of completed movement cycles and the value of the force loaded on the cord on the static friction coefficient. Similar values of kinetic friction force occur for the pairs with the titanium alloys rods, as well as for the pairs with the steel and CoCr rod. The type of lubricant affected the obtained measurement results unevenly: (Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb, - slight impact, steel 316L and CoCrMo large impact). During microscopic observations, numerous wear products, were visible, including harder than the base material large conglomerates. Conclusions: Susceptibility of polymer fibres results in its increased resistance to wear, but also it can be combined with an increase in wear of the surface of the metal rod.