Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting as nonconvulsive status epilepticus case report and review of the literature

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common transmissible human spongiform encephalopathy. Seizures and status epilepticus (SE) are an uncommon finding in CJD. We report a 64-year-old woman with rapid cognitive decline who had electroencephalographic (EEG) changes suggestive of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). She was later diagnosed with sporadic CJD (sCJD). We also reviewed the literature for published cases on this topic. MEDLINE was employed to identify all published reports of CJD and SE. We identified 8 references with a total of 12 cases with CJD and NCSE. sCJD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient who presents with rapid cognitive decline and EEG changes consistent with status epilepticus. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.