Energy-Efficient Localization of Sensor Nodes in WSNs Using Beacons From Rotating Directional Antenna

This paper presents an energy-efficient localization of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSNs) using beacons from rotating directional antenna. The localization process is scalable, fast, and easily implementable at the nodes, and works for homogeneous as well as heterogeneous networks. The process is suitable for dense and sparse deployment of nodes because communication among nodes is not required and no transmission is needed from nodes to base station (BS). Furthermore, a rotating directional antenna is used at the BS to transmit beacon signal packet containing information about the height of the antenna, current direction, transmitted power, and GPS coordinate of BS. By using the information received from the beacon packets, each node estimates its location relative to BS (in polar coordinate). The time required, energy consumption, and accuracy are estimated analytically. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves accuracy and energy efficiency for two-dimensional localization of sensor nodes in WSNs.