Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background: To identify risk factors associated with open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young Korean population. Design: Retrospective, population-based, case-control study. Participants: Between 2009 and 2010, among participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 17 901), subjects between 19 and 39 years of age were included. Methods: Participants had structured interviews systemic and ophthalmic examination. Glaucoma was diagnosed using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. Main Outcome Measures: The risk factors for open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure were analyzed using univariate and multivariate comparisons. Results: Eighty open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure patients and 4015 controls were included. In the univariate analysis, the patient group was more likely to have higher fasting plasma glucose (98.04 +/- 33.16 vs. 89.74 +/- 12.65, P < 0.001) and higher proportion of fasting capillary glucose = 200 mg/dL (P < 0.001) than the control. Multivariate analysis found that high myopia (odds ratio, 3.54 [95% confidence interval, 1.34-9.39], P = 0.011), fasting capillary glucose = 200 mg/ dL (odds ratio, 12.65 [95% confidence interval, 2.63-60.94], P = 0.002) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-0.99], P = 0.015) were associated with an increased risk of having open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure. Conclusions: High myopia, fasting capillary glucose level = 200 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significant risk factors for open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young Korean population.