Private tutoring and the subjective rationalities of parents: the experiences in South Korea and Singapore

Purpose This article proposes a model of subjective rationalities to shed light on the global phenomenon of parental reliance on private tutoring for their children. The model is illustrated using the examples of the rational decision-making process and outcome of parents with regards to enrolling their children in private tutoring in South Korea and Singapore. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical paper that relies on a critical review of official documents, academic publications and newspaper reports. Findings This article proposes an original model to shed light on the global phenomenon of parental reliance on private tutoring for their children. The model highlights the following: the dynamic interactions between parents, education policy and private tutoring; the active role of private tutoring providers; and the socio-culturally embedded and complex nature of educational decisions. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual paper that proposes a theoretical model, so there is no empirical data. Originality/value This article fills an existing research gap on the dynamic interactions between the parents, education policy and private tutoring. It offers an original model that illuminates the rational decision-making process and outcome of parents that pertains to private tutoring for their children.