Conservation and Evolution of Antigenic Determinants of SARS-CoV-2: An Insight for Immune Escape and Vaccine Design

被引:8
作者
Jaiswal, Varun [1 ]
Lee, Hae-Jeung [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Gachon Univ, Coll BioNano Technol, Dept Food & Nutr, Seongnam, South Korea
[2] Gachon Univ, Inst Aging & Clin Nutr Res, Seongnam, South Korea
[3] Gachon Univ, Dept Hlth Sci & Technol, GAIHST, Incheon, South Korea
来源
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY | 2022年 / 13卷
关键词
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; evolution; immunity; vaccine; mutation; B-cell epitopes; T-cell epitopes; POINT MUTATION; EPITOPE;
D O I
10.3389/fimmu.2022.832106
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most devastating pandemic of the century, which is still far from over. The remarkable success of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is the working hope, but the evolving variants are the huge concern that can turn the tide. Potential immune escape mutations (PIEMs) in the past and circulating variants were not studied at large scale (all available data). Hence, the conservation of antigenic determinants (epitopes) was analyzed in all available sequences of SARS-CoV-2 according to time (months), proteins, hosts, and variants. Numerous highly conserved B- and T-cell epitopes were identified in 24 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. A decrease in the conservation of epitopes with time was observed in almost all proteins, which was more rapid in neutralizing epitopes. Delta variant still has the highest PIEM in the circulating strains, which pose threat to the effectiveness of current vaccines. The inclusion of identified, highly conserved, and important epitopes in subunit vaccines can increase vaccine effectiveness against evolving variants. Trends in the conservation of epitopes in different proteins, hosts, and variants with time may also help to inspire the counter measure against the current pandemic.
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页数:8
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