The Fragile X syndrome is related to the number of trinucleotide CGG repeats at the 5' untranslated region of the causative FMR-I gene. We have studied 994 normal X chromosomes from unrelated Chinese subjects in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Changsha and Dalian which are located in different parts of China. CGG repeats was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and detected by hybridization with a P-32 labelled (CCG)(5) probe. A different distribution pattern of CGG allele size from the Caucasians is observed, it is a bimodal pattern and the most common CGG repeat allele is 29 against 30 in the Caucasians. Five alleles of more than 50 CGG repeats were detected, four of them in heterozygous females. There was no difference in the repeat pattern in subjects from the four Chinese cities, suggesting no geographical differences. Our data provides a foundation for screening of affected individuals and carriers of the fragile X syndrome in the Chinese population.