Merger of Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis and C-H Activation for the Room-Temperature C-2 Acylation of lndoles in Batch and Flow

被引:106
作者
Sharma, Upendra K. [1 ]
Gemoets, Hannes P. L. [3 ]
Schroeder, Felix [1 ]
Noel, Timothy [3 ]
Van der Eycken, Erik V. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Dept Chem, LOMAC, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
[2] Peoples Friendship Univ Russia RUDN Univ, 6 Miklukho Maldaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia
[3] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Chem, Micro Flow Chem & Proc Technol, Den Dolech 2, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
关键词
C-H acylation; photocatalysis; dual catalysis; palladium catalysis; indoles; flow chemistry; SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSMETALATION; PALLADIUM CATALYSIS; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; DUAL CATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; ALDEHYDES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; C2-ACYLATION; KETONES; ACID;
D O I
10.1021/acscatal.7b00840
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
A mild and versatile protocol for the C-H acylation of indoles via dual photoredox/transition-metal catalysis was established in batch and flow. The C-H bond functionalization occurred selectively at the C-2 position of N-pyrimidylindoles. This room-temperature protocol tolerated a wide range of functional groups and allowed for the synthesis of a diverse set of acylated indoles. Various aromatic as well as aliphatic aldehydes (both primary and secondary) reacted successfully. Interestingly, significant acceleration (20 to 2 h) and higher yields were obtained under micro flow conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:3818 / 3823
页数:6
相关论文
共 86 条
[11]  
Dixneuf PH, 2016, TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM, V55, P1, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-24630-7
[12]   Developing Ligands for Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization: Intimate Dialogue between Ligand and Substrate [J].
Engle, Keary M. ;
Yu, Jin-Quan .
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 2013, 78 (18) :8927-8955
[13]   Ligand-Accelerated Cross-Coupling of C(sp2)-H Bonds with Arylboron Reagents [J].
Engle, Keary M. ;
Thuy-Boun, Peter S. ;
Dang, Michael ;
Yu, Jin-Quan .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2011, 133 (45) :18183-18193
[14]   Ligand-Accelerated C-H Activation Reactions: Evidence for a Switch of Mechanism [J].
Engle, Keary M. ;
Wang, Dong-Hui ;
Yu, Jin-Quan .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2010, 132 (40) :14137-14151
[15]   Merging Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis with Metal Catalyzed C-H Activations: On the Role of Oxygen and Superoxide Ions as Oxidants [J].
Fabry, David C. ;
Rueping, Magnus .
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 49 (09) :1969-1979
[16]   C-H Functionalization of Phenols Using Combined Ruthenium and Photoredox Catalysis: In Situ Generation of the Oxidant [J].
Fabry, David C. ;
Ronge, Meria A. ;
Zoller, Jochen ;
Rueping, Magnus .
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 2015, 54 (09) :2801-2805
[17]   Room Temperature Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho-Acylation of Acetanilides with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids [J].
Fang, Ping ;
Li, Mingzong ;
Ge, Haibo .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2010, 132 (34) :11898-11899
[18]   The Development of Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Flow [J].
Garlets, Zachary J. ;
Nguyen, John D. ;
Stephenson, Corey R. J. .
ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2014, 54 (04) :351-360
[19]   Liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors [J].
Gemoets, Hannes P. L. ;
Su, Yuanhai ;
Shang, Minjing ;
Hessel, Volker ;
Luque, Rafael ;
Noel, Timothy .
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS, 2016, 45 (01) :83-117
[20]   The Microwave-to-Flow Paradigm: Translating High-Temperature Batch Microwave Chemistry to Scalable Continuous-Flow Processes [J].
Glasnov, Toma N. ;
Kappe, C. Oliver .
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, 2011, 17 (43) :11956-11968