[1] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, Peoples R China
[2] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, Peoples R China
[3] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
[4] China Railway Design Corp, Tianjin 300142, Peoples R China
[5] China Univ Geosci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China