Rosiglitazone attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats

Background and objective: Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is decreased in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension, and PPAR gamma ligands have been associated with the release of vasoactive substances from vascular endothelial cells and prevention of vascular remodelling. We hypothesized that PPAR gamma may play a critical role in the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia. Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normoxia, normoxia and rosiglitazone (8 mg/kg orally, 5 days/week), hypoxia (12% inspired O-2 fraction), or hypoxia and rosiglitazone for 4 weeks. On the last day of the fourth week, pulmonary arterial pressure was measured and morphological changes in pulmonary vessels were assessed. The expression of PPARg, endothelin (ET)-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also analysed. Results: Rosiglitazone inhibited the development of pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary vascular remodelling induced by chronic hypoxia. PPAR gamma expression was decreased and expression of ET-1 and VEGF was increased in lung tissues of the hypoxia group. Rosiglitazone treatment prevented the hypoxia-induced reduction in PPAR gamma expression, and restored ET-1 and VEGF expression almost to the levels of the normoxia group. Conclusions: Rosiglitazone inhibited the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia, perhaps by reversing the changes in PPAR gamma, ET-1 and VEGF expression induced by hypoxia. These findings indicate that rosiglitazone may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.