Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study

被引：1

作者：

Belekou, Antigoni ^{[1
,2
]}

Papageorgiou, Charalabos ^{[2
]}

Karavasilis, Efstratios ^{[3
]}

Tsaltas, Eleftheria ^{[2
]}

Kelekis, Nikolaos ^{[3
]}

Klein, Christoph ^{[4
,5
,6
]}

Smyrnis, Nikolaos ^{[1
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Mental Hlth, Neurosci & Precis Med Res Inst COSTAS STEFANIS, Lab Cognit Neurosci & Sensorimotor Control, Athens, Greece

[2] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Eginit Hosp, Med Sch, Dept Psychiat 1, Athens, Greece

[3] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Gen Univ Hosp ATTIKON, Med Sch, Dept Radiol 2, Athens, Greece

[4] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Gen Univ Hosp ATTIKON, Med Sch, Dept Psychiat 2, Athens, Greece

[5] Univ Freiburg, Med Fac, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Freiburg, Germany

[6] Univ Cologne, Med Fac, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Cologne, Germany

来源：

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY | 2022年 / 13卷

基金：

英国科研创新办公室;

关键词：

paradoxical syllogism; deductive reasoning; fMRI; fronto-parietal brain activation patterns; fronto-temporal brain activation patterns; QUANTITATIVE METAANALYSIS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MENTAL MODELS; LANGUAGE; BRAIN; COMPREHENSION; INVOLVEMENT; INFERENCE; METAPHOR; LOGIC;

D O I：

10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850491

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学];

学科分类号：

04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants were scanned using fMRI, while they engaged in reasoning tasks based on arguments, which were either Zeno's like paradoxes (paradoxical reasoning) or Aristotelian arguments (deductive reasoning). Clusters of significant activation for paradoxical reasoning were located in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus. Clusters of significant activation for deductive reasoning were located in bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirmed that different brain activation patterns are engaged for paradoxical vs. deductive reasoning providing a basis for future studies on human physiological as well as pathological reasoning.

引用

页数：9

共 44 条

[1] [Anonymous], 1993, OXF WORDP DICT
[2] Aristotle, 1938, CATEGORIES INTERPRET
[3] Quantum Zeno features of bistable perception
Atmanspacher, H
Filk, T
Römer, H
[J]. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS, 2004, 90 (01) : 33 - 40
[4] Barnes Jonathan., 1995, The Complete Works of Aristotle, P39
[5] Looking at the brains behind figurative language-A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on metaphor, idiom, and irony processing
Bohrn, Isabel C.
Altmann, Ulrike
Jacobs, Arthur M.
[J]. NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 2012, 50 (11) : 2669 - 2683
[6] Neural correlates underlying the comprehension of deceitful and ironic communicative intentions
Bosco, Francesca M.
Parola, Alberto
Valentini, Maria C.
Morese, Rosalba
[J]. CORTEX, 2017, 94 : 73 - 86
[7] Braine M. D., 1998, MENTAL LOGIC, DOI DOI 10.4324/9781410603005
[8] Interpreting enthymematic arguments using belief revision
Brun, Georg
Rott, Hans
[J]. SYNTHESE, 2013, 190 (18) : 4041 - 4063
[9] Framing deductive reasoning with emotional content: An fMRI study
Brunetti, M.
Perrucci, M. G.
Di Naccio, M. R.
Ferretti, A.
Del Gratta, C.
Casadio, C.
Romani, G. L.
[J]. BRAIN AND COGNITION, 2014, 87 : 153 - 160
[10] Evidence of fronto-temporal interactions for strategic inference processes during language comprehension
Chow, Ho Ming
Kaup, Barbara
Raabe, Markus
Greenlee, Mark W.
[J]. NEUROIMAGE, 2008, 40 (02) : 940 - 954

← 1 2 3 4 5 →