MXenes as emerging two-dimensional analytical modalities for potential recognition of hazardous environmental contaminants

MXenes are considered as a groundbreaking 2D material in a variety of research fields. The metal-like high surface area and electrical conductivity of MXenes are attractive properties. These features guaranty them to be employed as an alternative sensing material for a number of analytes, including heavy metal ions, toxic gases, hazardous volatile organic compounds and species of biological concern. This review presents a comprehensive synopsis of the current developments in sensor technology based on MXene and a pathway for their commercialization. Herein, the existing MXene-based sensors are classified as physical, biological, and chemical sensors. Further, the optical, electrochemical, electrical, and structural sensing processes, which are the four essential functioning mechanisms of sensors, are then categorized into different subcategories. Additionally, this article offers a wide overview of preceding and current MXene-based sensor technologies, as well as predictions for the next generation of multimodal, high-performance, low-cost sensors. Furthermore, implementing this model with stimulated work in the domain of MXenes-based sensors was discussed. The overarching purpose of this review is to familiarize readers with MXene sensing applications and describe the most recent advances in this field to date.