Immunolocalization of apolipoprotein D, androgen receptor and prostate specific antigen in early stage prostate cancers

Purpose: To determine the cellular distribution and levels of immunohistochemical staining for apolipoprotein D (Apo-D), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) in early stage prostate cancers. Materials and Methods: Cellular distribution of Apo-D, PSA and AR in 30 stage A/B prostate cancers and in non-malignant glandular tissue contained in the same sections was detected immunohistochemically, and staining was evaluated by computerized video image analysis. Results: Staining for Apo-D (percentage positive cellular area) was significantly increased in tumor cells of early stage prostate cancers compared with non-malignant glandular tissue. PSA and AR were present at high levels in both early stage prostate tumors and non-malignant prostate. Conclusions: Malignant transformation in the prostate is associated with increased cellular levels of Apo-D.