Protective Effect of Ad-VEGF-Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cerebral Infarction

AIM: To understand the mechanism of intracerebroventricular transplantation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene modified bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in rats after cerebral infarction. MATERIAL and METHODS: The middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO I/R) model was established in rats using the Zea-Longa suture method. A recombinant adenovirus (Ad-VEGF) was engineered to express VEGF. The rats were divided into 3 groups. Control BMSC infected with control adenovirus (BMSC-Ad), BMSC infected by Ad-VEGF (BMSC-Ad-VEGF), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) suspension were injected into the intracerebroventricular system of the rats in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively, 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The neurological function of rats was evaluated with the modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS). The infarct volume of brain in rats was determined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain at 14 days. GFAP and pGSK3 beta expression of ischemic penumbra was determined using immunohistochemical method. GFAP, pAKT, AKT, and pGSK3 beta expressions were determined with Western blot. RESULTS: Functional improvement was accelerated in animals receiving BMSC-Ad, while improvement at all times between 7 days and 28 days post MCAO was significantly greater in animals transplanted with BMSC-Ad-VEGF than for other treated animals. The number of GFAP-labeled cells was prevented by post-ischemic BMSC-Ad-VEGF treatment; pMCAO activate the PI3K/AKT/GSK3 beta pathway to reduce reactive gliosis. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that PI3K/AKT/GSK3 beta pathway could reduce reactive gliosis, ameliorate neurological deficit, diminish the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in rats, and facilitate angiogenesis.