Causes and effects of water scarcity on agriculture in Pakistan: A review

Water is an essential element of life. Without water, life can't exist. Water is one-third of the earth. It It is an essential element for different metabolic processes in plant body such as seed germination, photosynthesis, transport of different materials in plants, chlorophyll formation, and absorption of minerals. There are many sources of water like rainfall, rivers, glaciers, groundwater and surface water, etc. In past Pakistan was a water surplus country, but at present it is a water deficit country. Pakistan is an agricultural country. Agriculture mostly depends on water. Pakistan's agriculture made Pakistan's economy strong. From few recent years, the water quantity in Pakistan is becoming low. There are many reasons behind this scarcity like overpopulation, water pollution, climate changes, natural disasters, wastage of water, and improper management, etc. and this scarcity of water adversely affects the agriculture of Pakistan. This paper will help in understanding the sources of water in Pakistan, causes of water scarcity in Pakistan, and its effect on the agriculture of Pakistan. It will be fruitful to increase the economy of Pakistan by agricultural products.