Representation of Gender in the Secondary School Sindhi Textbooks of Pakistan An Analysis of Patriarchal and Citizenship Perspectives

Following a pictorial analysis of Sindhi primary textbooks used in Sindh province of Pakistan (Agha et al., 2018), we are interested in analysing the text and pictures used in secondary textbooks of Sindhi. The present study uses the previous study as a pilot and aims at exploring the representation of gender and citizenship in textbooks of Sindhi language used at the secondary level. This study uses Kabira and Masinjila's (1997) framework of gender analysis. Data was taken from four textbooks and analysed through the thematic coding technique adopted from Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings of this study depict that women are represented much less in terms of being the main actors, involved in productive actions in society, or present in the public sphere. We argue that the textbooks are restrengthening the patriarchal norms of Pakistani society and treating women as secondary citizens who are incapable of being leaders of any kind.