The identification of farnesoid X receptor modulators as treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

被引:25
作者
Fiorucci, Stefano [1 ]
Biagioli, Michele [1 ]
Baldoni, Monia [1 ]
Ricci, Patrizia [1 ]
Sepe, Valentina [2 ]
Zampella, Angela [2 ]
Distrutti, Eleonora [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Med & Chirurg, Perugia, Italy
[2] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dept Pharm, Naples, Italy
[3] Azienda Osped Perugia, SC Gastroenterol & Epatol, Perugia, Italy
关键词
Bile acids; farnesoid; -X-receptor; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; obeticholic acid; cilofexor; tropifexor; nidufexor; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; AGONIST OBETICHOLIC ACID; HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; BILE-ACID; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; TARGETED DISRUPTION; REGULATORY CASCADE; RODENT MODELS; CROSS-TALK; BETA-CELLS;
D O I
10.1080/17460441.2021.1916465
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Introduction The farnesoid-x-receptor (FXR) is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear receptor selectively activated by primary bile acids. Area covered FXR is a validated pharmacological target. Herein, the authors review preclinical and clinical data supporting the development of FXR agonists in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert opinion Development of systemic FXR agonists to treat the metabolic liver disease has been proven challenging because the side effects associated with these agents including increased levels of cholesterol and LDL-c and reduced HDL-c raising concerns over their long-term cardiovascular safety. Additionally, pruritus has emerged as a common, although poorly explained, dose-related side effect with all FXR ligands, but is especially common with OCA. FXR agonists that are currently undergoing phase 2/3 trials are cilofexor, tropifexor, nidufexor and MET409. Some of these agents are currently being developed as combination therapies with other agents including cenicriviroc, a CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor, or firsocostat an acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor. Additional investigations are needed to evaluate the beneficial effects of combination of these agents with statins. It is expected that in the coming years, FXR agonists will be developed as a combination therapy to minimize side effects and increase likelihood of success by targeting different metabolic pathways.
引用
收藏
页码:1193 / 1208
页数:16
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