Ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions by ozonation with calcium peroxide

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) belongs to the fluoroquinolones group and is widely applied in therapeutics. The presence of fluorine in CIP increases its stability in the environment. Advanced oxidation processes are among the most effective methods used to remove hazardous and resistant pollutants in the environment. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the ozonation process with calcium peroxide for the removal of CIP from aqueous solutions. The removal efficiency of CIP and chemical oxygen demand under optimal conditions, that is, pH = 3, CIP concentration = 5 mg/L, concentration of CaO2 = 0.025 mg/L, temperature = 25 degrees C, ozonation rate = 1 g/min and contact time = 50 min, was obtained 95.6% and 80.1% as well as 85.4% and 73.6%, in synthetic and simulated wastewater samples (municipal wastewater + CIP), respectively. Thermodynamic studies have shown that CIP decomposition with ozonation and CaO2 is an endothermic process. The kinetics of CIP decomposition followed the pseudo-first-order equation. The use of the ozonation process with calcium peroxide is an efficient method for CIP removal.