Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in 10 Asian Pediatric ICUs: A Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network Retrospective Study

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury remains an important cause of death and disability. We aim to report the epidemiology and management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Asian PICUs and identify risk factors for mortality and poor functional outcomes. Design: A retrospective study of the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network moderate to severe traumatic brain injury dataset collected between 2014 and 2017. Setting: Patients were from the participating PICUs of Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network. Patients: We included children less than 16 years old with a Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 13. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: We obtained data on patient demographics, injury circumstances, and PICU management. We performed a multivariate logistic regression predicting for mortality and poor functional outcomes. We analyzed 380 children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Most injuries were a result of road traffic injuries (174 [45.8%]) and falls (160 [42.1%]). There were important differences in temperature control, use of antiepileptic drugs, and hyperosmolar agents between the sites. Fifty-six children died (14.7%), and 104 of 324 survivors (32.1%) had poor functional outcomes. Poor functional outcomes were associated with non-high-income sites (adjusted odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11-3.29), Glasgow Coma Scale less than 8 (adjusted odds ratio, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.44-7.63), involvement in a road traffic collision (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.04-3.26), and presence of child abuse (adjusted odds ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.01-7.46). Conclusions: Poor functional outcomes are prevalent after pediatric traumatic brain injury in Asia. There is an urgent need for further research in these high-risk groups.