Direct laser writing of depressed-cladding waveguides in extremely low expansion lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics

We report on direct femtosecond laser writing of depressed-cladding optical waveguides in extremely low expansion lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics. The waveguide cladding was formed by space-selective vitrification of nanocrystals in laser-modified regions of glass-ceramics responsible for the negative refractive index change up to 0.005. The optical properties of the laser-written waveguides were evaluated in terms of near-field and far-field intensity distribution and propagation losses at the wavelength of 1064 nm. The possibility of single-mode waveguiding with the upper limit of propagation losses 2.4 or 2.7 dB/cm for vertically or horizontally polarized light, respectively, was demonstrated. The obtained results open up new frontiers in the laser-assisted fabrication of 3D optical waveguide circuits in the media with outstanding thermal stability.