Finite element-based overall design of controlled smart structures

The paper presents possibilities of the overall design and control of smart structures based on the finite element method as a successful tool for their simulation and design. The application of distributed sensors and actuators attached to the structure surface or laminated into a composite structure results in a highly integrated smart structural system. An optimal exploitation of such facilities of piezoelectric materials requires effective and robust numerical tools for an optimal overall design. In this paper the finite element approximation, based on multi-field thin-shell elements is presented as a method which in our opinion provides an excellent approach to simulation and design of complex smart structures. As an important issue in the design process the distribution of the active material at the passive base structure is considered. A design concept based on the controllability and observability indices is presented, which results in an acceptable first design even in complex industrial applications. The paper is focused on active vibration and noise control of lightweight structures, which have to fulfil specific design criteria during operation, even if undesired disturbances are exciting the structure. Different application examples illustrate the capability of the smart structures simulation and design. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.