Monitoring and change detection of concentration values for zinc and lead minerals in soil of agricultural lands based on remote sensing analysis and GIS

The agricultural lands are an important source for the recovery of the economy system southern of Iraq. The neglect, lack of interest, and the wars in recent years are affecting on the soil quality of these lands. There are a few techniques are developed to detect and monitor the toxic minerals in soil of the agricultural lands south of Iraq. The integration of remote sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques with the developed of mathematical equations were as a powerful tool to monitor spatial distribution and change detections the concentrations values for zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in soil of the agricultural lands during winter and summer seasons in year 2018. The concentrations values for (Zn) and (Pb) in soil have been lowest in winter and highest in summer season. The change detection of spatial distribution area for (Zn) between two seasons was by range (45.06) km2 with the change ratio (37%), while the change detection of spatial distribution area for (Pb) between two seasons was by range (29.82) km2, with the change ratio (25%). In conclusion, the developed systematic and generic approach may constitute a basis for determining the soil minerals in the agricultural lands worldwide.