Oil and Gas 4.0 era: A systematic review and outlook

Recently, with the development of "Industry 4.0", "Oil and Gas 4.0" has also been put on the agenda in the past two years. Some companies and experts believe that "Oil and Gas 4.0" can completely change the status quo of the oil and gas industry, which can bring huge benefits because it accelerates the digitization and intelligentization of the oil and gas industry. However, the "Oil and Gas 4.0" is still in its infancy. Therefore, this paper systematically introduces the concept and core technologies of "Oil and Gas 4.0", such as big data and the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Moreover, this paper analyzes typical application scenarios of the oil and gas industry chain (upstream, midstream and downstream) through examples, such as intelligent oilfield, intelligent pipeline, and intelligent refinery. It is concluded that the essence of "Oil and Gas 4.0" is a data-driven intelligence system based on the highly digitization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first academic peer-reviewed paper on the "Oil and Gas 4.0" era, aiming to let more oil and gas industry personnel understand its benefits and application scenarios, so as to better apply it to practical engineering in the future. In the discussion section, this paper also analyzes the opportunities and difficulties that may be brought about by the "Oil and Gas 4.0" era. Finally, relevant policy recommendations are proposed. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.