The role of multilevel selection in host microbiome evolution

被引:70
|
作者
van Vliet, Simon [1 ]
Doebeli, Michael [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
[2] Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
multilevel selection; microbiome; holobiont; hologenome; GUT MICROBIOTA; HOLOBIONTS; ANIMALS;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1909790116
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Animals are associated with a microbiome that can affect their reproductive success. It is, therefore, important to understand how a host and its microbiome coevolve. According to the hologenome concept, hosts and their microbiome form an integrated evolutionary entity, a holobiont, on which selection can potentially act directly. However, this view is controversial, and there is an active debate on whether the association between hosts and their microbiomes is strong enough to allow for selection at the holobiont level. Much of this debate is based on verbal arguments, but a quantitative framework is needed to investigate the conditions under which selection can act at the holobiont level. Here, we use multilevel selection theory to develop such a framework. We found that selection at the holobiont level can in principle favor a trait that is costly to the microbes but that provides a benefit to the host. However, such scenarios require rather stringent conditions. The degree to which microbiome composition is heritable decays with time, and selection can only act at the holobiont level when this decay is slow enough, which occurs when vertical transmission is stronger than horizontal transmission. Moreover, the host generation time has to be short enough compared with the timescale of the evolutionary dynamics at the microbe level. Our framework thus allows us to quantitatively predict for what kind of systems selection could act at the holobiont level.
引用
收藏
页码:20591 / 20597
页数:7
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