Central stimulatory effect of leptin on T3 production is mediated by brown adipose tissue type II deiodinase

To assess whether intracerebroventricular leptin administration affects monodeiodinase type II (D2) activity in the tissues where it is expressed [cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary, and brown adipose tissue (BAT)], hepatic monodeiodinase type I (D1) activity was inhibited with propylthiouracil (PTU), and small doses of thyroxine (T-4; 0.6 nmol . 100 g body wt(-1) . day(-1)) were supplemented to compensate for the PTU-induced hypothyroidism. Two groups of rats were infused with leptin for 6 days, one of them being additionally treated with reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), an inhibitor of D2. Control rats were infused with vehicle and pair-fed the amount of food consumed by leptin-infused animals. Central leptin administration produced marked increases in D2 mRNA expression and activity in BAT, changes that were likely responsible for increased plasma T-3 and decreased plasma T-4 levels. Indeed, plasma T-3 and T-4 concentrations were unaltered by central leptin administration in the presence of rT(3). The additional observation of a leptin-induced increased mRNA expression of BAT uncoupling protein-1 suggested that the effect on BAT D2 may be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.