Coordinated demand response of power-to-gas and FlexGas technologies in integrated power and gas system to accommodate wind energy

Power-to-gas (P2G) provides a promising solution to accommodate wind power in recent years, which accelerates the integration of the power system and gas network, as well as the development of the integrated demand response. This study proposes a two-layer scheduling framework to coordinate P2G and FlexGas as demand response in the integrated power and gas system (IPGS) under wind power uncertainties. Firstly, the model for FlexGas technology is developed, enabling the end-users to switch between natural gas and electricity to produce heat. In the upper-layer optimisation, considering the optimal use of the linepack storage of the natural gas system, a two-stage stochastic scheduling model for the IPGS is established. In the lower-layer optimisation, the aggregated model reflecting the heterogeneity of the FlexGas users is derived. Simulation results on the integrated IEEE 39-bus power system and 27-node gas system show that the coordinated demand response can reduce the wind curtailment and improve economic efficiency for the IPGS. Moreover, the two-layer scheduling framework is validated to be effective and computationally efficient.