Optical properties of nickel-incorporated amorphous carbon film deposited by femtosecond pulsed laser ablation

The present study investigates the optical properties of Ni-incorporated amorphous carbon (a-C:Ni) films covering a wide range of Ni concentration from doping to alloys. The films are deposited by sequential femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of graphite and Ni targets. The optical properties are analyzed by means of the Maxwell-Garnett theory with separated metal and carbon phases. This analysis permits to investigate the change of the carbon phase with Ni concentration. It is shown that the microstructure of the carbon phase is affected by the Ni incorporation even at low Ni concentrations (1 at.%) where a local reorganization of the carbon matrix occurs affecting the aromatic clusters. At higher Ni concentrations the films become more disordered. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.