Genetics of recurrent pregnancy loss among Iranian population

Background Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common reproductive disorders which is defined as the occurrence of recurrent miscarriage before 24 weeks of gestation and is observed among 1%-5% of women. Methods Various factors are associated with RPL such as immunological disorders, maternal age, obesity, alcohol, chromosomal abnormality, endocrine disorders, and uterine abnormalities. About half of the RPL cases are related with chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, RPL genetic tests are mainly limited to karyotyping. However, there is a significant proportion of RPL cases without any chromosomal abnormalities that can be related to the single-gene aberrations. Therefore, it is required to prepare a diagnostic panel of genetic markers besides karyotyping. Results In the present review, we have summarized all the significant reported genes until now which are associated with RPL among Iranian women. We categorized all the reported genes based on their cellular and molecular functions in order to determine the molecular bases of RPL in this population. Conclusion This review paves the way of introducing a population-based diagnostic panel of genetic markers for the first time among Iranian RPL cases. Moreover, this review clarifies the genetic and molecular bases of RPL in this population.