Seasonal pattern of skin follicles activity and fibre growth in grazing fat-tailed Kermani sheep in the South of Iran

Photoperiod is known to be important in regulating the pattern of wool growth in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural changes in photoperiod on live weight, skin follicle activity and fiber characteristics of grazing Kermani sheep in the south of Iran, Jiroft (28 degrees 40' N and 57 degrees 44' E, elevation 650 m). Ten male and 10 female Kermani sheep with initial live weights of 31.9 +/- 0.8 and 30.7 +/- 0.9 kg (mean +/- s.e.) respectively, were used in a 365 day study. Percentage of active primary (PAP) and percentage of active secondary (PAS) follicles, ratio of secondary to primary follicles (S/P) and follicle density (FD) were measured in skin samples, taken from the right mid-side of the animals at monthly intervals. Greasy and clean wool growth rates and fibre diameter were determined from patch samples (10 cm x 10 cm) harvested at the end of every month. The value for PAP was greatest (p < 0.05) in summer and spring and lowest (p < 0.05) in winter (98.2 +/- 0.8, 84.1 +/- 0.9, 75.6 +/- 0.8 and 97.0 +/- 1.1% for summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively); seasonal differences in PAS were similar (99.3 +/- 0.8, 88.5 +/- 0.7, 82.9 +/- 0.8 and 98.9 +/- 0.7% for summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively). Clean wool growth rate was greatest (p < 0.001) in summer and spring, and lowest (p < 0.001) in winter (0.7 +/- 0.03, 0.4 +/- 0.04, 0.3 +/- 0.01 and 0.7 +/- 0.05 mg/cm(2)/day for summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively). Fibre diameter was greatest in spring (34.8 +/- 0.3 mu m) and lowest in winter (29.1 +/- 0.2 mu m). The values for wool growth rates and fibre diameter were greater (p < 0.05) in male rather than those observed in female sheep. Fibre and skin follicle characteristics were not affected by a season x sex interaction. These results demonstrated that there is a seasonal pattern in fibre follicles activity and wool growth in grazing Kermani sheep.