The structure of amorphous copper sulfide precipitates: An X-ray absorption study

X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of copper sulfide precipitated from aqueous solution at ambient temperatures reveals the existence of a metastable primitive structure that ages to a structure with the characteristics of amorphous covellite; XAS provides direct structural information on the structure of these amorphous copper sulfides. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of the primitive structure demonstrates the presence of disulfide (S-2-groups) and a Cu-S interaction of 2.8 Angstrom: the latter is not found in covellite. Copper K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) indicates the dominance of 3- over 4 -coordinate Cu in the primitive phase, while Cu L-3-edge spectra reveal only Cu(I) to be present in all precipitates formed. XPS data confirm the presence of only Cu(I) and reveal that three types elf S are present. Upon ageing, the primitive structure transforms to one with the characteristics of covellite, and this transformation involves the reordering of the S-2- and Cu3S-CuS3-layers. Development of the primitive phase from either a wurtzite-like structure or planar Cu3S-CuS3-layers is possible, with the structural evolution driven by the antipathy of Cu(II) for tetrahedral coordination and anomalous electron densities in the metastable structures. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.