Correcting "'Winner's Curse" in Odds Ratios from Genomewide Association Findings for Major Complex Human Diseases

被引：60

作者：

Zhong, Hua ^{[1
]}

Prentice, Ross L. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Rosetta Inpharmat LLC, Dept Genet, Seattle, WA 98109 USA

[2] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA

来源：

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2010年 / 34卷 / 01期

关键词：

bias correction; odds ratio; confidence interval; genomewide association study; complex human disease; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; WIDE ASSOCIATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; RISK LOCUS; 8Q24; VARIANTS; SCAN;

D O I：

10.1002/gepi.20437

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an important approach for identifying common genetic variants that predispose to human disease. However, odds ratio (OR) estimates for the reported findings from GWAS discovery data are typically affected by a bias away from the null sometimes referred to the "winner's curse". Also standard confidence intervals (CIs) may have far from the desired coverage rates. We applied a bias reduction method to GWAS findings from several major complex human diseases, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, type I diabetes, and type II diabetes. We found the simple bias correction procedure allows one to estimate bias-adjusted ORs that have substantial consistency with ORs from subsequent replication studies, and that corresponding selection-adjusted Cls appear to help quantify the uncertainty of the findings. Selection-adjusted ORs and Cls can provide a reliable summary of GWAS data, and can help to choose single nucleotide polymorphisms for subsequent validation studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:78-91, 2010. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

引用

页码：78 / 91

页数：14

共 30 条

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Gold, Bert ;

Kirchhoff, Tomas ;

Stefanov, Stefan ;

Lautenberger, James ;

Viale, Agnes ;

Garber, Judy ;

Friedman, Eitan ;

Narod, Steven ;

Olshen, Adam B. ;

Gregersen, Peter ;

Kosarin, Kristi ;

Olsh, Adam ;

Bergeron, Julie ;

Ellis, Nathan A. ;

Klein, Robert J. ;

Clark, Andrew G. ;

Norton, Larry ;

Dean, Michael ;

Boyd, Jeff ;

Offit, Kenneth .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2008, 105 (11) :4340-4345

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Houlston, Richard S. ;

Webb, Emily ;

Broderick, Peter ;

Pittman, Alan M. ;

Di Bernardo, Maria Chiara ;

Lubbe, Steven ;

Chandler, Ian ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Penegar, Steven ;

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis ;

Howarth, Kimberley ;

Jaeger, Emma ;

Spain, Sarah L. ;

Walther, Axel ;

Barclay, Ella ;

Martin, Lynn ;

Gorman, Maggie ;

Domingo, Enric ;

Teixeira, Ana S. ;

Kerr, David ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Niittymaki, Iina ;

Tuupanen, Sari ;

Karhu, Auli ;

Aaltonen, Lauri A. ;

Tomlinson, Ian P. M. ;

Farrington, Susan M. ;

Tenesa, Albert ;

Prendergast, James G. D. ;

Barnetson, Rebecca A. ;

Cetnarskyj, Roseanne ;

Porteous, Mary E. ;

Pharoah, Paul D. P. ;

Koessler, Thibaud ;

Hampe, Jochen ;

Buch, Stephan ;

Schafmayer, Clemens ;

Tepel, Jurgen ;

Schreiber, Stefan ;

Voelzke, Henry ;

Chang-Claude, Jenny ;

Hoffmeister, Michael ;

Brenner, Hermann ;

Zanke, Brent W. ;

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Gallinger, Steven ;

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NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (12) :1426-1435

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Hung, Rayjean J. ;

Mckay, James D. ;

Gaborieau, Valerie ;

Boffetta, Paolo ;

Hashibe, Mia ;

Zaridze, David ;

Mukeria, Anush ;

Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia ;

Lissowska, Jolanta ;

Rudnai, Peter ;

Fabianova, Eleonora ;

Mates, Dana ;

Bencko, Vladimir ;

Foretova, Lenka ;

Janout, Vladimir ;

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Goodman, Gary ;

Field, John K. ;

Liloglou, Triantafillos ;

Xinarianos, George ;

Cassidy, Adrian ;

McLaughlin, John ;

Liu, Geoffrey ;

Narod, Steven ;

Krokan, Hans E. ;

Skorpen, Frank ;

Elvestad, Maiken Bratt ;

Hveem, Kristian ;

Vatten, Lars ;

Linseisen, Jakob ;

Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise ;

Vineis, Paolo ;

Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ;

Lund, Eiliv ;

Martinez, Carmen ;

Bingham, Sheila ;

Rasmuson, Torgny ;

Hainaut, Pierre ;

Riboli, Elio ;

Ahrens, Wolfgang ;

Benhamou, Simone ;

Lagiou, Pagona ;

Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ;

Holcatova, Ivana ;

Merletti, Franco ;

Kjaerheim, Kristina ;

Agudo, Antonio ;

Macfarlane, Gary ;

Talamini, Renato ;

Simonato, Lorenzo .

NATURE, 2008, 452 (7187) :633-637

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Hunter, David J. ;

Kraft, Peter ;

Jacobs, Kevin B. ;

Cox, David G. ;

Yeager, Meredith ;

Hankinson, Susan E. ;

Wacholder, Sholom ;

Wang, Zhaoming ;

Welch, Robert ;

Hutchinson, Amy ;

Wang, Junwen ;

Yu, Kai ;

Chatterjee, Nilanjan ;

Orr, Nick ;

Willett, Walter C. ;

Colditz, Graham A. ;

Ziegler, Regina G. ;

Berg, Christine D. ;

Buys, Saundra S. ;

McCarty, Catherine A. ;

Feigelson, Heather Spencer ;

Calle, Eugenia E. ;

Thun, Michael J. ;

Hayes, Richard B. ;

Tucker, Margaret ;

Gerhard, Daniela S. ;

Fraumeni, Joseph F., Jr. ;

Hoover, Robert N. ;

Thomas, Gilles ;

Chanock, Stephen J. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2007, 39 (07) :870-874

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Jaeger, Emma ;

Webb, Emily ;

Howarth, Kimberley ;

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis ;

Rowan, Andrew ;

Broderick, Peter ;

Walther, Axel ;

Spain, Sarah ;

Pittman, Alan ;

Kemp, Zoe ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Heinimann, Karl ;

Lubbe, Steven ;

Domingo, Enric ;

Barclay, Ella ;

Martin, Lynn ;

Gorman, Maggie ;

Chandler, Ian ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Wood, Wendy ;

Papaemmanuil, Elli ;

Penegar, Steven ;

Qureshi, Mobshra ;

Farrington, Susan ;

Tenesa, Albert ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Kerr, David ;

Gray, Richard ;

Peto, Julian ;

Dunlop, Malcolm ;

Campbell, Harry ;

Thomas, Huw ;

Houlston, Richard ;

Tomlinson, Ian .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (01) :26-28

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RISCH N, 1996, SCIENCE, V273, P1517

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Saxena, Richa ;

Voight, Benjamin F. ;

Lyssenko, Valeriya ;

Burtt, Noel P. ;

de Bakker, Paul I. W. ;

Chen, Hong ;

Roix, Jeffrey J. ;

Kathiresan, Sekar ;

Hirschhorn, Joel N. ;

Daly, Mark J. ;

Hughes, Thomas E. ;

Groop, Leif ;

Altshuler, David ;

Almgren, Peter ;

Florez, Jose C. ;

Meyer, Joanne ;

Ardlie, Kristin ;

Bostroem, Kristina Bengtsson ;

Isomaa, Bo ;

Lettre, Guillaume ;

Lindblad, Ulf ;

Lyon, Helen N. ;

Melander, Olle ;

Newton-Cheh, Christopher ;

Nilsson, Peter ;

Orho-Melander, Marju ;

Rastam, Lennart ;

Speliotes, Elizabeth K. ;

Taskinen, Marja-Riitta ;

Tuomi, Tiinamaija ;

Guiducci, Candace ;

Berglund, Anna ;

Carlson, Joyce ;

Gianniny, Lauren ;

Hackett, Rachel ;

Hall, Liselotte ;

Holmkvist, Johan ;

Laurila, Esa ;

Sjoegren, Marketa ;

Sterner, Maria ;

Surti, Aarti ;

Svensson, Margareta ;

Svensson, Malin ;

Tewhey, Ryan ;

Blumenstiel, Brendan ;

Parkin, Melissa ;

DeFelice, Matthew ;

Barry, Rachel ;

Brodeur, Wendy ;

Camarata, Jody .

SCIENCE, 2007, 316 (5829) :1331-1336

[18] A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants [J].

Scott, Laura J. ;

Mohlke, Karen L. ;

Bonnycastle, Lori L. ;

Willer, Cristen J. ;

Li, Yun ;

Duren, William L. ;

Erdos, Michael R. ;

Stringham, Heather M. ;

Chines, Peter S. ;

Jackson, Anne U. ;

Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila ;

Ding, Chia-Jen ;

Swift, Amy J. ;

Narisu, Narisu ;

Hu, Tianle ;

Pruim, Randall ;

Xiao, Rui ;

Li, Xiao-Yi ;

Conneely, Karen N. ;

Riebow, Nancy L. ;

Sprau, Andrew G. ;

Tong, Maurine ;

White, Peggy P. ;

Hetrick, Kurt N. ;

Barnhart, Michael W. ;

Bark, Craig W. ;

Goldstein, Janet L. ;

Watkins, Lee ;

Xiang, Fang ;

Saramies, Jouko ;

Buchanan, Thomas A. ;

Watanabe, Richard M. ;

Valle, Timo T. ;

Kinnunen, Leena ;

Abecasis, Gonalo R. ;

Pugh, Elizabeth W. ;

Doheny, Kimberly F. ;

Bergman, Richard N. ;

Tuomilehto, Jaakko ;

Collins, Francis S. ;

Boehnke, Michael .

SCIENCE, 2007, 316 (5829) :1341-1345

[19] Common variants on chromosome 5p12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer [J].

Stacey, Simon N. ;

Manolescu, Andrei ;

Sulem, Patrick ;

Thorlacius, Steinunn ;

Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A. ;

Jonsson, Gudbjorn F. ;

Jakobsdottir, Margret ;

Bergthorsson, Jon T. ;

Gudmundsson, Julius ;

Aben, Katja K. ;

Strobbe, Luc J. ;

Swinkels, Dorine W. ;

van Engelenburg, K. C. Anton ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Kolonel, Laurence N. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Millastre, Esther ;

Andres, Raquel ;

Saez, Berta ;

Lambea, Julio ;

Godino, Javier ;

Polo, Eduardo ;

Tres, Alejandro ;

Picelli, Simone ;

Rantala, Johanna ;

Margolin, Sara ;

Jonsson, Thorvaldur ;

Sigurdsson, Helgi ;

Jonsdottir, Thora ;

Hrafnkelsson, Jon ;

Johannsson, Jakob ;

Sveinsson, Thorarinn ;

Myrdal, Gardar ;

Grimsson, Hlynur Niels ;

Sveinsdottir, Steinunn G. ;

Alexiusdottir, Kristin ;

Saemundsdottir, Jona ;

Sigurdsson, Asgeir ;

Kostic, Jelena ;

Gudmundsson, Larus ;

Kristjansson, Kristleifur ;

Masson, Gisli ;

Fackenthal, James D. ;

Adebamowo, Clement ;

Ogundiran, Temidayo ;

Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Lindblom, Annika ;

Mayordomo, Jose I. ;

Kiemeney, Lambertus A. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (06) :703-706

[20] Reduction of selection bias in genomewide studies by resampling [J].

Sun, L ;

Bull, SB .

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2005, 28 (04) :352-367

← 1 2 3 →

共 30 条

[11] Genome-wide association study provides evidence for a breast cancer risk locus at 6q22-33 [J].

Gold, Bert ;

Kirchhoff, Tomas ;

Stefanov, Stefan ;

Lautenberger, James ;

Viale, Agnes ;

Garber, Judy ;

Friedman, Eitan ;

Narod, Steven ;

Olshen, Adam B. ;

Gregersen, Peter ;

Kosarin, Kristi ;

Olsh, Adam ;

Bergeron, Julie ;

Ellis, Nathan A. ;

Klein, Robert J. ;

Clark, Andrew G. ;

Norton, Larry ;

Dean, Michael ;

Boyd, Jeff ;

Offit, Kenneth .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2008, 105 (11) :4340-4345

[12] Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies four new susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer [J].

Houlston, Richard S. ;

Webb, Emily ;

Broderick, Peter ;

Pittman, Alan M. ;

Di Bernardo, Maria Chiara ;

Lubbe, Steven ;

Chandler, Ian ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Penegar, Steven ;

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis ;

Howarth, Kimberley ;

Jaeger, Emma ;

Spain, Sarah L. ;

Walther, Axel ;

Barclay, Ella ;

Martin, Lynn ;

Gorman, Maggie ;

Domingo, Enric ;

Teixeira, Ana S. ;

Kerr, David ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Niittymaki, Iina ;

Tuupanen, Sari ;

Karhu, Auli ;

Aaltonen, Lauri A. ;

Tomlinson, Ian P. M. ;

Farrington, Susan M. ;

Tenesa, Albert ;

Prendergast, James G. D. ;

Barnetson, Rebecca A. ;

Cetnarskyj, Roseanne ;

Porteous, Mary E. ;

Pharoah, Paul D. P. ;

Koessler, Thibaud ;

Hampe, Jochen ;

Buch, Stephan ;

Schafmayer, Clemens ;

Tepel, Jurgen ;

Schreiber, Stefan ;

Voelzke, Henry ;

Chang-Claude, Jenny ;

Hoffmeister, Michael ;

Brenner, Hermann ;

Zanke, Brent W. ;

Montpetit, Alexandre ;

Hudson, Thomas J. ;

Gallinger, Steven ;

Campbell, Harry ;

Dunlop, Malcolm G. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (12) :1426-1435

[13] A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25 [J].

Hung, Rayjean J. ;

Mckay, James D. ;

Gaborieau, Valerie ;

Boffetta, Paolo ;

Hashibe, Mia ;

Zaridze, David ;

Mukeria, Anush ;

Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia ;

Lissowska, Jolanta ;

Rudnai, Peter ;

Fabianova, Eleonora ;

Mates, Dana ;

Bencko, Vladimir ;

Foretova, Lenka ;

Janout, Vladimir ;

Chen, Chu ;

Goodman, Gary ;

Field, John K. ;

Liloglou, Triantafillos ;

Xinarianos, George ;

Cassidy, Adrian ;

McLaughlin, John ;

Liu, Geoffrey ;

Narod, Steven ;

Krokan, Hans E. ;

Skorpen, Frank ;

Elvestad, Maiken Bratt ;

Hveem, Kristian ;

Vatten, Lars ;

Linseisen, Jakob ;

Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise ;

Vineis, Paolo ;

Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ;

Lund, Eiliv ;

Martinez, Carmen ;

Bingham, Sheila ;

Rasmuson, Torgny ;

Hainaut, Pierre ;

Riboli, Elio ;

Ahrens, Wolfgang ;

Benhamou, Simone ;

Lagiou, Pagona ;

Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ;

Holcatova, Ivana ;

Merletti, Franco ;

Kjaerheim, Kristina ;

Agudo, Antonio ;

Macfarlane, Gary ;

Talamini, Renato ;

Simonato, Lorenzo .

NATURE, 2008, 452 (7187) :633-637

[14] A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer [J].

Hunter, David J. ;

Kraft, Peter ;

Jacobs, Kevin B. ;

Cox, David G. ;

Yeager, Meredith ;

Hankinson, Susan E. ;

Wacholder, Sholom ;

Wang, Zhaoming ;

Welch, Robert ;

Hutchinson, Amy ;

Wang, Junwen ;

Yu, Kai ;

Chatterjee, Nilanjan ;

Orr, Nick ;

Willett, Walter C. ;

Colditz, Graham A. ;

Ziegler, Regina G. ;

Berg, Christine D. ;

Buys, Saundra S. ;

McCarty, Catherine A. ;

Feigelson, Heather Spencer ;

Calle, Eugenia E. ;

Thun, Michael J. ;

Hayes, Richard B. ;

Tucker, Margaret ;

Gerhard, Daniela S. ;

Fraumeni, Joseph F., Jr. ;

Hoover, Robert N. ;

Thomas, Gilles ;

Chanock, Stephen J. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2007, 39 (07) :870-874

[15] Common genetic variants at the CRAC1 (HMPS) locus on chromosome 15q13.3 influence colorectal cancer risk [J].

Jaeger, Emma ;

Webb, Emily ;

Howarth, Kimberley ;

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis ;

Rowan, Andrew ;

Broderick, Peter ;

Walther, Axel ;

Spain, Sarah ;

Pittman, Alan ;

Kemp, Zoe ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Heinimann, Karl ;

Lubbe, Steven ;

Domingo, Enric ;

Barclay, Ella ;

Martin, Lynn ;

Gorman, Maggie ;

Chandler, Ian ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Wood, Wendy ;

Papaemmanuil, Elli ;

Penegar, Steven ;

Qureshi, Mobshra ;

Farrington, Susan ;

Tenesa, Albert ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Kerr, David ;

Gray, Richard ;

Peto, Julian ;

Dunlop, Malcolm ;

Campbell, Harry ;

Thomas, Huw ;

Houlston, Richard ;

Tomlinson, Ian .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (01) :26-28

[16]

RISCH N, 1996, SCIENCE, V273, P1517

[17] Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels [J].

Saxena, Richa ;

Voight, Benjamin F. ;

Lyssenko, Valeriya ;

Burtt, Noel P. ;

de Bakker, Paul I. W. ;

Chen, Hong ;

Roix, Jeffrey J. ;

Kathiresan, Sekar ;

Hirschhorn, Joel N. ;

Daly, Mark J. ;

Hughes, Thomas E. ;

Groop, Leif ;

Altshuler, David ;

Almgren, Peter ;

Florez, Jose C. ;

Meyer, Joanne ;

Ardlie, Kristin ;

Bostroem, Kristina Bengtsson ;

Isomaa, Bo ;

Lettre, Guillaume ;

Lindblad, Ulf ;

Lyon, Helen N. ;

Melander, Olle ;

Newton-Cheh, Christopher ;

Nilsson, Peter ;

Orho-Melander, Marju ;

Rastam, Lennart ;

Speliotes, Elizabeth K. ;

Taskinen, Marja-Riitta ;

Tuomi, Tiinamaija ;

Guiducci, Candace ;

Berglund, Anna ;

Carlson, Joyce ;

Gianniny, Lauren ;

Hackett, Rachel ;

Hall, Liselotte ;

Holmkvist, Johan ;

Laurila, Esa ;

Sjoegren, Marketa ;

Sterner, Maria ;

Surti, Aarti ;

Svensson, Margareta ;

Svensson, Malin ;

Tewhey, Ryan ;

Blumenstiel, Brendan ;

Parkin, Melissa ;

DeFelice, Matthew ;

Barry, Rachel ;

Brodeur, Wendy ;

Camarata, Jody .

SCIENCE, 2007, 316 (5829) :1331-1336

[18] A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants [J].

Scott, Laura J. ;

Mohlke, Karen L. ;

Bonnycastle, Lori L. ;

Willer, Cristen J. ;

Li, Yun ;

Duren, William L. ;

Erdos, Michael R. ;

Stringham, Heather M. ;

Chines, Peter S. ;

Jackson, Anne U. ;

Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila ;

Ding, Chia-Jen ;

Swift, Amy J. ;

Narisu, Narisu ;

Hu, Tianle ;

Pruim, Randall ;

Xiao, Rui ;

Li, Xiao-Yi ;

Conneely, Karen N. ;

Riebow, Nancy L. ;

Sprau, Andrew G. ;

Tong, Maurine ;

White, Peggy P. ;

Hetrick, Kurt N. ;

Barnhart, Michael W. ;

Bark, Craig W. ;

Goldstein, Janet L. ;

Watkins, Lee ;

Xiang, Fang ;

Saramies, Jouko ;

Buchanan, Thomas A. ;

Watanabe, Richard M. ;

Valle, Timo T. ;

Kinnunen, Leena ;

Abecasis, Gonalo R. ;

Pugh, Elizabeth W. ;

Doheny, Kimberly F. ;

Bergman, Richard N. ;

Tuomilehto, Jaakko ;

Collins, Francis S. ;

Boehnke, Michael .

SCIENCE, 2007, 316 (5829) :1341-1345

[19] Common variants on chromosome 5p12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer [J].

Stacey, Simon N. ;

Manolescu, Andrei ;

Sulem, Patrick ;

Thorlacius, Steinunn ;

Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A. ;

Jonsson, Gudbjorn F. ;

Jakobsdottir, Margret ;

Bergthorsson, Jon T. ;

Gudmundsson, Julius ;

Aben, Katja K. ;

Strobbe, Luc J. ;

Swinkels, Dorine W. ;

van Engelenburg, K. C. Anton ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Kolonel, Laurence N. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Millastre, Esther ;

Andres, Raquel ;

Saez, Berta ;

Lambea, Julio ;

Godino, Javier ;

Polo, Eduardo ;

Tres, Alejandro ;

Picelli, Simone ;

Rantala, Johanna ;

Margolin, Sara ;

Jonsson, Thorvaldur ;

Sigurdsson, Helgi ;

Jonsdottir, Thora ;

Hrafnkelsson, Jon ;

Johannsson, Jakob ;

Sveinsson, Thorarinn ;

Myrdal, Gardar ;

Grimsson, Hlynur Niels ;

Sveinsdottir, Steinunn G. ;

Alexiusdottir, Kristin ;

Saemundsdottir, Jona ;

Sigurdsson, Asgeir ;

Kostic, Jelena ;

Gudmundsson, Larus ;

Kristjansson, Kristleifur ;

Masson, Gisli ;

Fackenthal, James D. ;

Adebamowo, Clement ;

Ogundiran, Temidayo ;

Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Lindblom, Annika ;

Mayordomo, Jose I. ;

Kiemeney, Lambertus A. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (06) :703-706

[20] Reduction of selection bias in genomewide studies by resampling [J].

Sun, L ;

Bull, SB .

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2005, 28 (04) :352-367

← 1 2 3 →