Correcting "'Winner's Curse" in Odds Ratios from Genomewide Association Findings for Major Complex Human Diseases

被引：60

作者：

Zhong, Hua ^{[1
]}

Prentice, Ross L. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Rosetta Inpharmat LLC, Dept Genet, Seattle, WA 98109 USA

[2] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA

来源：

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2010年 / 34卷 / 01期

关键词：

bias correction; odds ratio; confidence interval; genomewide association study; complex human disease; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; WIDE ASSOCIATION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; RISK LOCUS; 8Q24; VARIANTS; SCAN;

D O I：

10.1002/gepi.20437

中图分类号：

Q3 [遗传学];

学科分类号：

071007 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an important approach for identifying common genetic variants that predispose to human disease. However, odds ratio (OR) estimates for the reported findings from GWAS discovery data are typically affected by a bias away from the null sometimes referred to the "winner's curse". Also standard confidence intervals (CIs) may have far from the desired coverage rates. We applied a bias reduction method to GWAS findings from several major complex human diseases, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, type I diabetes, and type II diabetes. We found the simple bias correction procedure allows one to estimate bias-adjusted ORs that have substantial consistency with ORs from subsequent replication studies, and that corresponding selection-adjusted Cls appear to help quantify the uncertainty of the findings. Selection-adjusted ORs and Cls can provide a reliable summary of GWAS data, and can help to choose single nucleotide polymorphisms for subsequent validation studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:78-91, 2010. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

引用

页码：78 / 91

页数：14

共 30 条

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Ahmed, Shahana ;

Thomas, Gilles ;

Ghoussaini, Maya ;

Healey, Catherine S. ;

Humphreys, Manjeet K. ;

Platte, Radka ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Maranian, Melanie ;

Pooley, Karen A. ;

Luben, Robert ;

Eccles, Diana ;

Evans, D. Gareth ;

Fletcher, Olivia ;

Johnson, Nichola ;

Silva, Isabel dos Santos ;

Peto, Julian ;

Stratton, Michael R. ;

Rahman, Nazneen ;

Jacobs, Kevin ;

Prentice, Ross ;

Anderson, Garnet L. ;

Rajkovic, Aleksandar ;

Curb, J. David ;

Ziegler, Regina G. ;

Berg, Christine D. ;

Buys, Saundra S. ;

McCarty, Catherine A. ;

Feigelson, Heather Spencer ;

Calle, Eugenia E. ;

Thun, Michael J. ;

Diver, W. Ryan ;

Bojesen, Stig ;

Nordestgaard, Borge G. ;

Flyger, Henrik ;

Doerk, Thilo ;

Schuermann, Peter ;

Hillemanns, Peter ;

Karstens, Johann H. ;

Bogdanova, Natalia V. ;

Antonenkova, Natalia N. ;

Zalutsky, Iosif V. ;

Bermisheva, Marina ;

Fedorova, Sardana ;

Khusnutdinova, Elza ;

Kang, Daehee ;

Yoo, Keun-Young ;

Noh, Dong Young ;

Ahn, Sei-Hyun ;

Devilee, Peter ;

van Asperen, Christi J. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2009, 41 (05) :585-590

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Amos, Christopher I. ;

Wu, Xifeng ;

Broderick, Peter ;

Gorlov, Ivan P. ;

Gu, Jian ;

Eisen, Timothy ;

Dong, Qiong ;

Zhang, Qing ;

Gu, Xiangjun ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Matakidou, Athena ;

Wang, Yufei ;

Mills, Gordon ;

Doheny, Kimberly ;

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Shete, Sanjay ;

Spitz, Margaret R. ;

Houlston, Richard S. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (05) :616-622

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Amundadottir, Laufey T. ;

Sulem, Patrick ;

Gudmundsson, Julius ;

Helgason, Agnar ;

Baker, Adam ;

Agnarsson, Bjarni A. ;

Sigurdsson, Asgeir ;

Benediktsdottir, Kristrun R. ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Sainz, Jesus ;

Jakobsdottir, Margret ;

Kostic, Jelena ;

Magnusdottir, Droplaug N. ;

Ghosh, Shyamali ;

Agnarsson, Kari ;

Birgisdottir, Birgitta ;

Le Roux, Louise ;

Olafsdottir, Adalheidur ;

Blondal, Thorarinn ;

Andresdottir, Margret ;

Gretarsdottir, Olafia Svandis ;

Bergthorsson, Jon T. ;

Gudbjartsson, Daniel ;

Gylfason, Arnaldur ;

Thorleifsson, Gudmar ;

Manolescu, Andrei ;

Kristjansson, Kristleifur ;

Geirsson, Gudmundur ;

Isaksson, Helgi ;

Douglas, Julie ;

Johansson, Jan-Erik ;

Balter, Katarina ;

Wiklund, Fredrik ;

Montie, James E. ;

Yu, Xiaoying ;

Suarez, Brian K. ;

Ober, Carole ;

Cooney, Kathleen A. ;

Gronberg, Henrik ;

Catalona, William J. ;

Einarsson, Gudmundur V. ;

Barkardottir, Rosa B. ;

Gulcher, Jeffrey R. ;

Kong, Augustine ;

Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur ;

Stefansson, Kari .

NATURE GENETICS, 2006, 38 (06) :652-658

[4] A genome-wide association study shows that common alleles of SMAD7 influence colorectal cancer risk [J].

Broderick, Peter ;

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis ;

Pittman, Alan M. ;

Webb, Emily ;

Howarth, Kimberley ;

Rowan, Andrew ;

Lubbe, Steven ;

Spain, Sarah ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Fielding, Sarah ;

Jaeger, Emma ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Kemp, Zoe ;

Gorman, Maggie ;

Chandler, Ian ;

Papaemmanuil, Elli ;

Penegar, Steven ;

Wood, Wendy ;

Sellick, Gabrielle ;

Qureshi, Mobshra ;

Teixeira, Ana ;

Domingo, Enric ;

Barclay, Ella ;

Martin, Lynn ;

Sieber, Oliver ;

Kerr, David ;

Gray, Richard ;

Peto, Julian ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Tomlinson, Ian ;

Houlston, Richard S. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2007, 39 (11) :1315-1317

[5] Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls [J].

Burton, Paul R. ;

Clayton, David G. ;

Cardon, Lon R. ;

Craddock, Nick ;

Deloukas, Panos ;

Duncanson, Audrey ;

Kwiatkowski, Dominic P. ;

McCarthy, Mark I. ;

Ouwehand, Willem H. ;

Samani, Nilesh J. ;

Todd, John A. ;

Donnelly, Peter ;

Barrett, Jeffrey C. ;

Davison, Dan ;

Easton, Doug ;

Evans, David ;

Leung, Hin-Tak ;

Marchini, Jonathan L. ;

Morris, Andrew P. ;

Spencer, Chris C. A. ;

Tobin, Martin D. ;

Attwood, Antony P. ;

Boorman, James P. ;

Cant, Barbara ;

Everson, Ursula ;

Hussey, Judith M. ;

Jolley, Jennifer D. ;

Knight, Alexandra S. ;

Koch, Kerstin ;

Meech, Elizabeth ;

Nutland, Sarah ;

Prowse, Christopher V. ;

Stevens, Helen E. ;

Taylor, Niall C. ;

Walters, Graham R. ;

Walker, Neil M. ;

Watkins, Nicholas A. ;

Winzer, Thilo ;

Jones, Richard W. ;

McArdle, Wendy L. ;

Ring, Susan M. ;

Strachan, David P. ;

Pembrey, Marcus ;

Breen, Gerome ;

St Clair, David ;

Caesar, Sian ;

Gordon-Smith, Katherine ;

Jones, Lisa ;

Fraser, Christine ;

Green, Elain K. .

NATURE, 2007, 447 (7145) :661-678

[6] COMPETITIVE BIDDING IN HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS [J].

CAPEN, EC ;

CLAPP, RV ;

CAMPBELL, WM .

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, 1971, 23 (JUN) :641-&

[7] Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci [J].

Easton, Douglas F. ;

Pooley, Karen A. ;

Dunning, Alison M. ;

Pharoah, Paul D. P. ;

Thompson, Deborah ;

Ballinger, Dennis G. ;

Struewing, Jeffery P. ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Field, Helen ;

Luben, Robert ;

Wareham, Nicholas ;

Ahmed, Shahana ;

Healey, Catherine S. ;

Bowman, Richard ;

Meyer, Kerstin B. ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Kolonel, Laurence K. ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Brennan, Paul ;

Sangrajrang, Suleeporn ;

Gaborieau, Valerie ;

Odefrey, Fabrice ;

Shen, Chen-Yang ;

Wu, Pei-Ei ;

Wang, Hui-Chun ;

Eccles, Diana ;

Evans, D. Gareth ;

Peto, Julian ;

Fletcher, Olivia ;

Johnson, Nichola ;

Seal, Sheila ;

Stratton, Michael R. ;

Rahman, Nazneen ;

Chenevix-Trench, Georgia ;

Bojesen, Stig E. ;

Nordestgaard, Borge G. ;

Axelsson, Christen K. ;

Garcia-Closas, Montserrat ;

Brinton, Louise ;

Chanock, Stephen ;

Lissowska, Jolanta ;

Peplonska, Beata ;

Nevanlinna, Heli ;

Fagerholm, Rainer ;

Eerola, Hannaleena ;

Kang, Daehee ;

Yoo, Keun-Young ;

Noh, Dong-Young ;

Ahn, Sei-Hyun .

NATURE, 2007, 447 (7148) :1087-U7

[8] Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility [J].

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Jugurnauth, Sarah K. ;

Mulholland, Shani ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel A. ;

Edwards, Stephen M. ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Field, Helen I. ;

Southey, Melissa C. ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Dearnaley, David P. ;

Muir, Kenneth R. ;

Smith, Charmaine ;

Bagnato, Melisa ;

Ardern-Jones, Audrey T. ;

Hall, Amanda L. ;

O'Brien, Lynne T. ;

Gehr-Swain, Beatrice N. ;

Wilkinson, Rosemary A. ;

Cox, Angie ;

Lewis, Sarah ;

Brown, Paul M. ;

Jhavar, Sameer G. ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Lophatananon, Artitaya ;

Bryant, Sarah L. ;

Horwich, Alan ;

Huddart, Robert A. ;

Khoo, Vincent S. ;

Parker, Christopher C. ;

Woodhouse, Christopher J. ;

Thompson, Alan ;

Christmas, Tim ;

Ogden, Chris ;

Fisher, Cyril ;

Jamieson, Charles ;

Cooper, Colin S. ;

English, Dallas R. ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Neal, David E. ;

Easton, Douglas F. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (03) :316-321

[9] Admixture mapping identifies 8q24 as a prostate cancer risk locus in African-American men [J].

Freedman, Matthew L. ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Patterson, Nick ;

McDonald, Gavin J. ;

Tandon, Arti ;

Waliszewska, Alicja ;

Penney, Kathryn ;

Steen, Robert G. ;

Ardlie, Kristin ;

John, Esther M. ;

Clakley-Girvan, Ingrid ;

Whitternore, Alice S. ;

Cooney, Kathleen A. ;

Ingles, Sue A. ;

Altshuler, David ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Reich, David .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2006, 103 (38) :14068-14073

[10] Upward bias in odds ratio estimates from genome-wide association studies [J].

Garner, Chad .

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2007, 31 (04) :288-295

← 1 2 3 →

共 30 条

[1] Newly discovered breast cancer susceptibility loci on 3p24 and 17q23.2 [J].

Ahmed, Shahana ;

Thomas, Gilles ;

Ghoussaini, Maya ;

Healey, Catherine S. ;

Humphreys, Manjeet K. ;

Platte, Radka ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Maranian, Melanie ;

Pooley, Karen A. ;

Luben, Robert ;

Eccles, Diana ;

Evans, D. Gareth ;

Fletcher, Olivia ;

Johnson, Nichola ;

Silva, Isabel dos Santos ;

Peto, Julian ;

Stratton, Michael R. ;

Rahman, Nazneen ;

Jacobs, Kevin ;

Prentice, Ross ;

Anderson, Garnet L. ;

Rajkovic, Aleksandar ;

Curb, J. David ;

Ziegler, Regina G. ;

Berg, Christine D. ;

Buys, Saundra S. ;

McCarty, Catherine A. ;

Feigelson, Heather Spencer ;

Calle, Eugenia E. ;

Thun, Michael J. ;

Diver, W. Ryan ;

Bojesen, Stig ;

Nordestgaard, Borge G. ;

Flyger, Henrik ;

Doerk, Thilo ;

Schuermann, Peter ;

Hillemanns, Peter ;

Karstens, Johann H. ;

Bogdanova, Natalia V. ;

Antonenkova, Natalia N. ;

Zalutsky, Iosif V. ;

Bermisheva, Marina ;

Fedorova, Sardana ;

Khusnutdinova, Elza ;

Kang, Daehee ;

Yoo, Keun-Young ;

Noh, Dong Young ;

Ahn, Sei-Hyun ;

Devilee, Peter ;

van Asperen, Christi J. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2009, 41 (05) :585-590

[2] Genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1 [J].

Amos, Christopher I. ;

Wu, Xifeng ;

Broderick, Peter ;

Gorlov, Ivan P. ;

Gu, Jian ;

Eisen, Timothy ;

Dong, Qiong ;

Zhang, Qing ;

Gu, Xiangjun ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Matakidou, Athena ;

Wang, Yufei ;

Mills, Gordon ;

Doheny, Kimberly ;

Tsai, Ya-Yu ;

Chen, Wei Vivien ;

Shete, Sanjay ;

Spitz, Margaret R. ;

Houlston, Richard S. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (05) :616-622

[3] A common variant associated with prostate cancer in European and African populations [J].

Amundadottir, Laufey T. ;

Sulem, Patrick ;

Gudmundsson, Julius ;

Helgason, Agnar ;

Baker, Adam ;

Agnarsson, Bjarni A. ;

Sigurdsson, Asgeir ;

Benediktsdottir, Kristrun R. ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Sainz, Jesus ;

Jakobsdottir, Margret ;

Kostic, Jelena ;

Magnusdottir, Droplaug N. ;

Ghosh, Shyamali ;

Agnarsson, Kari ;

Birgisdottir, Birgitta ;

Le Roux, Louise ;

Olafsdottir, Adalheidur ;

Blondal, Thorarinn ;

Andresdottir, Margret ;

Gretarsdottir, Olafia Svandis ;

Bergthorsson, Jon T. ;

Gudbjartsson, Daniel ;

Gylfason, Arnaldur ;

Thorleifsson, Gudmar ;

Manolescu, Andrei ;

Kristjansson, Kristleifur ;

Geirsson, Gudmundur ;

Isaksson, Helgi ;

Douglas, Julie ;

Johansson, Jan-Erik ;

Balter, Katarina ;

Wiklund, Fredrik ;

Montie, James E. ;

Yu, Xiaoying ;

Suarez, Brian K. ;

Ober, Carole ;

Cooney, Kathleen A. ;

Gronberg, Henrik ;

Catalona, William J. ;

Einarsson, Gudmundur V. ;

Barkardottir, Rosa B. ;

Gulcher, Jeffrey R. ;

Kong, Augustine ;

Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur ;

Stefansson, Kari .

NATURE GENETICS, 2006, 38 (06) :652-658

[4] A genome-wide association study shows that common alleles of SMAD7 influence colorectal cancer risk [J].

Broderick, Peter ;

Carvajal-Carmona, Luis ;

Pittman, Alan M. ;

Webb, Emily ;

Howarth, Kimberley ;

Rowan, Andrew ;

Lubbe, Steven ;

Spain, Sarah ;

Sullivan, Kate ;

Fielding, Sarah ;

Jaeger, Emma ;

Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram ;

Kemp, Zoe ;

Gorman, Maggie ;

Chandler, Ian ;

Papaemmanuil, Elli ;

Penegar, Steven ;

Wood, Wendy ;

Sellick, Gabrielle ;

Qureshi, Mobshra ;

Teixeira, Ana ;

Domingo, Enric ;

Barclay, Ella ;

Martin, Lynn ;

Sieber, Oliver ;

Kerr, David ;

Gray, Richard ;

Peto, Julian ;

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste ;

Tomlinson, Ian ;

Houlston, Richard S. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2007, 39 (11) :1315-1317

[5] Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls [J].

Burton, Paul R. ;

Clayton, David G. ;

Cardon, Lon R. ;

Craddock, Nick ;

Deloukas, Panos ;

Duncanson, Audrey ;

Kwiatkowski, Dominic P. ;

McCarthy, Mark I. ;

Ouwehand, Willem H. ;

Samani, Nilesh J. ;

Todd, John A. ;

Donnelly, Peter ;

Barrett, Jeffrey C. ;

Davison, Dan ;

Easton, Doug ;

Evans, David ;

Leung, Hin-Tak ;

Marchini, Jonathan L. ;

Morris, Andrew P. ;

Spencer, Chris C. A. ;

Tobin, Martin D. ;

Attwood, Antony P. ;

Boorman, James P. ;

Cant, Barbara ;

Everson, Ursula ;

Hussey, Judith M. ;

Jolley, Jennifer D. ;

Knight, Alexandra S. ;

Koch, Kerstin ;

Meech, Elizabeth ;

Nutland, Sarah ;

Prowse, Christopher V. ;

Stevens, Helen E. ;

Taylor, Niall C. ;

Walters, Graham R. ;

Walker, Neil M. ;

Watkins, Nicholas A. ;

Winzer, Thilo ;

Jones, Richard W. ;

McArdle, Wendy L. ;

Ring, Susan M. ;

Strachan, David P. ;

Pembrey, Marcus ;

Breen, Gerome ;

St Clair, David ;

Caesar, Sian ;

Gordon-Smith, Katherine ;

Jones, Lisa ;

Fraser, Christine ;

Green, Elain K. .

NATURE, 2007, 447 (7145) :661-678

[6] COMPETITIVE BIDDING IN HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS [J].

CAPEN, EC ;

CLAPP, RV ;

CAMPBELL, WM .

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY, 1971, 23 (JUN) :641-&

[7] Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci [J].

Easton, Douglas F. ;

Pooley, Karen A. ;

Dunning, Alison M. ;

Pharoah, Paul D. P. ;

Thompson, Deborah ;

Ballinger, Dennis G. ;

Struewing, Jeffery P. ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Field, Helen ;

Luben, Robert ;

Wareham, Nicholas ;

Ahmed, Shahana ;

Healey, Catherine S. ;

Bowman, Richard ;

Meyer, Kerstin B. ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Kolonel, Laurence K. ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Le Marchand, Loic ;

Brennan, Paul ;

Sangrajrang, Suleeporn ;

Gaborieau, Valerie ;

Odefrey, Fabrice ;

Shen, Chen-Yang ;

Wu, Pei-Ei ;

Wang, Hui-Chun ;

Eccles, Diana ;

Evans, D. Gareth ;

Peto, Julian ;

Fletcher, Olivia ;

Johnson, Nichola ;

Seal, Sheila ;

Stratton, Michael R. ;

Rahman, Nazneen ;

Chenevix-Trench, Georgia ;

Bojesen, Stig E. ;

Nordestgaard, Borge G. ;

Axelsson, Christen K. ;

Garcia-Closas, Montserrat ;

Brinton, Louise ;

Chanock, Stephen ;

Lissowska, Jolanta ;

Peplonska, Beata ;

Nevanlinna, Heli ;

Fagerholm, Rainer ;

Eerola, Hannaleena ;

Kang, Daehee ;

Yoo, Keun-Young ;

Noh, Dong-Young ;

Ahn, Sei-Hyun .

NATURE, 2007, 447 (7148) :1087-U7

[8] Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility [J].

Eeles, Rosalind A. ;

Kote-Jarai, Zsofia ;

Giles, Graham G. ;

Al Olama, Ali Amin ;

Guy, Michelle ;

Jugurnauth, Sarah K. ;

Mulholland, Shani ;

Leongamornlert, Daniel A. ;

Edwards, Stephen M. ;

Morrison, Jonathan ;

Field, Helen I. ;

Southey, Melissa C. ;

Severi, Gianluca ;

Donovan, Jenny L. ;

Hamdy, Freddie C. ;

Dearnaley, David P. ;

Muir, Kenneth R. ;

Smith, Charmaine ;

Bagnato, Melisa ;

Ardern-Jones, Audrey T. ;

Hall, Amanda L. ;

O'Brien, Lynne T. ;

Gehr-Swain, Beatrice N. ;

Wilkinson, Rosemary A. ;

Cox, Angie ;

Lewis, Sarah ;

Brown, Paul M. ;

Jhavar, Sameer G. ;

Tymrakiewicz, Malgorzata ;

Lophatananon, Artitaya ;

Bryant, Sarah L. ;

Horwich, Alan ;

Huddart, Robert A. ;

Khoo, Vincent S. ;

Parker, Christopher C. ;

Woodhouse, Christopher J. ;

Thompson, Alan ;

Christmas, Tim ;

Ogden, Chris ;

Fisher, Cyril ;

Jamieson, Charles ;

Cooper, Colin S. ;

English, Dallas R. ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Neal, David E. ;

Easton, Douglas F. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2008, 40 (03) :316-321

[9] Admixture mapping identifies 8q24 as a prostate cancer risk locus in African-American men [J].

Freedman, Matthew L. ;

Haiman, Christopher A. ;

Patterson, Nick ;

McDonald, Gavin J. ;

Tandon, Arti ;

Waliszewska, Alicja ;

Penney, Kathryn ;

Steen, Robert G. ;

Ardlie, Kristin ;

John, Esther M. ;

Clakley-Girvan, Ingrid ;

Whitternore, Alice S. ;

Cooney, Kathleen A. ;

Ingles, Sue A. ;

Altshuler, David ;

Henderson, Brian E. ;

Reich, David .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2006, 103 (38) :14068-14073

[10] Upward bias in odds ratio estimates from genome-wide association studies [J].

Garner, Chad .

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2007, 31 (04) :288-295

← 1 2 3 →