A time-varying carbon intensity approach for demand-side management strategies with respect to CO2 emission reduction in the electricity grid

The main aim of this study was to determine electricity utilisation based on the hourly distribution of CO2 emissions. Turkey was chosen for this case study because of the CO2 intensive characteristics of electricity generation. This study aims to be a pioneer in the spread of a time-varying carbon intensity approach for the calculation of carbon foot prints. Electricity generation-based hourly emissions are calculated by utilising actual data. It varies from 418.6 g CO2/kWh to 824.6 g CO2/kWh, or 597.8 g CO2/kWh on average. According to hourly basis analyses, the highest CO2 intensity of electricity generation occurs between 06:00 and 07:00. The highest CO2 intensity of electricity generation occurs on a Sunday despite this being the time of lowest electricity demand. An annual total of 162.84 metric tons of CO2 is released into the atmosphere as a result of electricity generation. Electricity generation-based CO2 emission per capita is calculated as 2.04 ton CO2.