In vivo gene delivery to the liver using novel galactosylated cationic liposomes

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the in vivo gene transfer for galactosylated liposomes containing cholesten-5-yloxy-N (4-((1-imino-2-beta-D-thiogalaclosylethyl)amino)butyl)formamide(Gal-C4-Chol) in relation to lipid composition and charge ratio. Methods. Galactosylated cationic liposomes containing N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride(DOTMA), Gal-C4-Chol and cholesterol(Chol), and similar liposomes were prepared. Plasmid DNA complexed with a galactosylated liposome preparation was injected intraportally into mice. The mice were sacrificed after 6 hours. The tissues were subjected to luciferase assay. Results. A markedly higher gene expression in the liver following injection of plasmid DNA that has been complexed with DOTMA/ Chol/Gal-C4-Chol(1:0.5:0.5) and DOTMA/Gal-C4-Chol(1:1) liposomes was observed. The effect was one order of magnitude higher than naked DNA and DOTMA/Chol(1:1) liposomes. Pre-exposing with galactosylated bovine serum albumin significantly reduced the hepatic gene expression. By comparison, the gene expression for galactosylated cationic liposomes containing 3 beta[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]cholesterol, Gal-C4-Chol and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine was 10 times lower. As Ear as the charge ratio of DOTMA/ Chol/Gal-CA-Chol(1:0.5:0.5) liposomes to plasmid DNA(1.6-7.0) was concerned, complexes with charge ratios of 2.3-3.1 produced maximal gene expression in the liver. Whereas, higher ratios resulted in enhanced expression in the lung. Conclusions. By optimizing lipid composition and charge ratio, galactosylated liposome/DNA complexes allow superior in vivo gene transfection in the liver via asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis.