A survey on cybersecurity, data privacy, and policy issues in cyber-physical system deployments in smart cities

Deployments of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) in smart cities are poised to significantly improve healthcare, transportation services, utilities, safety, and environmental health. However, these efficiencies and service improvements will come at a price: increased vulnerability and risk. Smart city deployments have already begun to proliferate, as have the upsides, efficiencies, and cost-savings they can facilitate. There are, however, proliferating challenges and costs as well. These challenges include important technical questions, but equally important policy and organizational questions. It is important to understand that these policy and technical implementation hurdles are perhaps equally likely to slow or disable smart city implementation efforts. In this paper, a survey of the theoretical and practical challenges and opportunities are enumerated not only in terms of their technical aspects, but also in terms of policy and governance issues of concern.