Morphogenesis of the Bacillus anthracis spore

被引:106
作者
Giorno, Rebecca
Bozue, Joel
Cote, Christopher
Wenzel, Theresa
Moody, Krishna-Sulayman
Mallozzi, Michael
Ryan, Matthew
Wang, Rong
Zielke, Ryszard
Maddock, Janine R.
Friedlander, Arthur
Welkos, Susan
Driks, Adam
机构
[1] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
[2] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
[3] IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
[4] Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[5] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1128/JB.00921-06
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp. form a specialized cell type, called a spore, during a multistep differentiation process that is initiated in response to starvation. Spores are protected by a morphologically complex protein coat. The Bacillus anthracis coat is of particular interest because the spore is the infective particle of anthrax. We determined the roles of several B. anthracis orthologues of Bacillus subtilis coat protein genes in spore assembly and virulence. One of these, cotE, has a striking function in B. anthracis: it guides the assembly of the exosporium, an outer structure encasing B. anthracis but not B. subtilis spores. However, CotE has only a modest role in coat protein assembly, in contrast to the B. subtilis orthologue. cotE. mutant spores are fully virulent in animal models, indicating that the exosporium is dispensable for infection, at least in the context of a cotE mutation. This has implications for both the pathophysiology of the disease and next-generation therapeutics. CotH, which directs the assembly of an important subset of coat proteins in B. subtilis, also directs coat protein deposition in B. anthracis. Additionally, however, in B. anthracis, CotH effects germination; in its absence, more spores germinate than in the wild type. We also found that SpoIVA has a critical role in directing the assembly of the coat and exosporium to an area around the forespore. This function is very similar to that of the B. subtilis orthologue, which directs the assembly of the coat to the forespore. These results show that while B. anthracis and B. subtilis rely on a core of conserved morphogenetic proteins to guide coat formation, these proteins may also be important for species-specific differences in coat morphology. We further hypothesize that variations in conserved morphogenetic coat proteins may play roles in taxonomic variation among species.
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页码:691 / 705
页数:15
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