Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C Gene Polymorphism as Risk Factors for Essential Hypertension

Hypertension has relatively large morbidity and mortality rates throughout the world, including in Indonesia. The prevalence of hypertension tends to be greater in patients with a family history of hypertension. This is thought to be influenced by polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. This study aims to determine the relationship between the polymorphism of C677T and the A1298C MTHFR gene as a risk factor for essential hypertension. An observational study with a case-control design was conducted involving 37 cases and 30 control people. Data obtained by PCR-RFLP. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and odds ratio calculations. The most common genotype for C677T polymorphism is CC (94.6%) followed by CT and TT with 2.7% each (p = 0.001) with OR of 0.099 (CI95% = 0.02-0.49). The most common genotype for the A1298C polymorphism is AC (45.9%), followed by AA (35.1%) and CC (19%) (p = 0.001). The C allele is present in 24 subjects in the case group (64.8%) and in 7 subjects in the control group (23.3%). The OR for the A1298C is 6.06 (CI 95% = 2.1-17.9). The C677T polymorphism showed statistical significance but did not modify the risk factor of essential hypertension. Whereas the A1298C polymorphism is statistically significant and has a 6-fold risk factor for essential hypertension, polymorphism A1298C Methyltetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene is a risk factor of essential hypertension.