Plant virus disease management by two modern applications (dsRNA nano-clay sheet and CRISPR/Cas)

Terror acts of plant pathogens, especially viruses destroyed the crops throughout the world. Genetically modified plant and chemical practices are not more fruitful as their efficiency and environment safety concerns respectively. To update disease management strategy, there are two novel approaches, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) nanoclaysheets and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9). The general mechanism of applications of dsRNA targeted the RNA of pathogens. In plants, RNAi is triggered by dsRNA, which is processed into small-interfering RNA (siRNAs) by Dicer-like (DCL) enzymes. These siRNAs are incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC); siRNAs then direct the RISCs through base pairing to degrade the pathogen RNA, by preventing it from being used as a translation template. On the other hand, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been exploited for developing resistance against virus. Simple and inexpensive nature the use of CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized targeted genome editing technology. As the plants are sessile in nature, they required urgent defense mechanism. In this context dsRNA Nano clay and CRISPR/Cas9 are efficient and reliable applications to combat plant viruses.