Inkjet Printing of Single-Crystalline Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Nanowire Networks

Large-scale and low-cost fabrication techniques are needed to commercialize highly efficient, nanomaterial-based thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for use in small-scale, flexible applications (e.g., wearable energy harvesters). This study presents the first demonstration of inkjet-printed networks of phase-pure, single-crystalline Bi2Te3 thermoelectric nanowires (BTNWs) that are amenable to large-scale production. The BTNWs are synthesized via chemical batch processing and formulated into a jettable ink that is printed onto glass substrates and subsequently annealed in nitrogen and forming gas environments. The inkjet-printed BTNWs annealed in forming gas provide the most favorable results with comparable thermoelectric performances to bulk Bi2Te3 materials (Seebeck coefficient up to 140 mu V K-1) while approximately utilizing only 1% to 3% of the telluride materials found in their bulk counterparts. Thus, these printed BTNWs help pave the way for the development of low-cost and scalable TEGs.