Botanical composition, production and nutrient status of an originally Lolium perenne-dominant cut grass sward receiving long-term manure applications

Effects of long-term applications (50, 100 and 200 m(3) ha(-1)y(-1)) of pig and cow slurries on yield, botanical composition and nutrient content of herbage of an original perennial ryegrass sward were assessed in a three-cut silage system and compared with unamended and fertilized controls in the 36th year of the experiment. Cow slurry at 50 m(3) ha(-1) produced similar annual herbage DM yield to 200 kg ha(-1) fertilizer N in 2006, whereas about 100 m(3) ha(-1) pig slurry were required to produce a similar amount of DM. The highest slurry application rate significantly influenced sward botanical composition without depressing DM yield. The principal invading species were creeping bent and meadow grasses (similar to findings at a previous assessment in 1981) except in the unamended control (which were common bent and Yorkshire fog). Perennial ryegrass remained a main species in plots receiving fertilizer (31 % annual DM yield) and low slurry rates (38 %) but declined to 3 % annual DM yield at the highest slurry rate where the ability of ryegrass to utilize slurry N and P may have been affected by chemically or physically induced deficiencies of other nutrients (e.g. Ca) or direct physical effects such as smothering.