Pulsatile secretion pattern of growth hormone during the luteal phase and mid-anoestrus in beagle bitches

The pulsatile secretion pattern of growth hormone was investigated during four stages of the luteal phase and during mid-anoestrus in six cyclic beagle bitches. Plasma samples were obtained via jugular venepuncture at 10 min intervals for 12 h at 19 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM; luteal phase 1), 38 +/- 2 (luteal phase 2), 57 +/- 2 (luteal phase 3), 78 +/- 2 (luteal phase 4) and 142 +/- 4 days (mid-anoestrus) after ovulation. During all stages, growth hormone was secreted in a pulsatile fashion. The mean basal plasma growth hormone concentration during luteal phase 1 (2.2 +/- 0.3 mu g l(-1)) was significantly higher than that during luteal phase 4 (1.5 +/- 0.1 mu gl(-1)) and mid-anoestrus (1.4 +/- 0.2 mu g l(-1)). The mean area under the curve (AUC) above zero during luteal phase 1 (27.3 +/- 2.7 mu g l(-1) in 12 h) tended to be higher than that during luteal phase 4 (20.8 +/- 1.8 mu g l(-1) in 12 h) and mid-anoestrus (19.2 +/- 2.5 mu g l(-1) in 12 h). In contrast, the mean AUCs above the baseline during luteal phase 1 (1.1 +/- 0.5 mu g l(-1) in 12 h) and luteal phase 2 (1.2 +/- 0.5 mu g l(-1) in 12 h) were significantly lower than that during luteal phase 4 (2.8 +/- 0.5 mu g l(-1) in 12 h). In conclusion, the pulsatile secretion pattern of growth hormone changes during the luteal phase in healthy cyclic bitches: basal growth hormone secretion is higher and less growth hormone is secreted in pulses during stages in which the plasma progesterone concentration is high. It is hypothesized that this change is caused by a partial suppression of pituitary growth hormone release by progesterone-induced growth hormone production in the mammary gland. The progesterone-induced production of growth hormone in the mammary gland may promote the physiological proliferation and differentiation of mammary gland tissue during the luteal phase of the bitch by local autocrine-paracrine effects. In addition, progesterone-induced mammary growth hormone production may exert endocrine effects, such as hyperplastic changes in the uterine epithelium and insulin resistance.