Helicobacter pylori vaccine: mucosal adjuvant & delivery systems

Vaccination, especially mucosal vaccination, is considered to be effective in the management of Helicobacter pylori infections. However, most antigens alone cannot induce immune responses when administered mucosally and need to be co-administered with adjuvants or delivery systems. The current research on the mucosal adjuvant and delivery systems of vaccine against H. pylori, including advantages and disadvantages, mechanisms and applications is discussed in this review. Mutants of cholera toxin (CT) and the heat labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, and live attenuated bacterial vectors may be promising adjuvant and delivery systems for H. pylori vaccine.