A Survey on Blockchain Technology: Evolution, Architecture and Security

被引：193
作者：
Bhutta, Muhammad Nasir Mumtaz [1 ]
Khwaja, Amir A. [1 ]
Nadeem, Adnan [2 ]
Ahmad, Hafiz Farooq [3 ]
Khan, Muhammad Khurram [4 ]
Hanif, Moataz A. [5 ]
Song, Houbing [5 ]
Alshamari, Majed [1 ]
Cao, Yue [6 ]
机构：
[1] King Faisal Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Informat Technol CCSIT, Informat Syst Dept, Al Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
[2] Islamic Univ Madinah, Fac Comp & Informat Syst, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
[3] King Faisal Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Informat Technol CCSIT, Comp Sci Dept, Al Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
[4] King Saud Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Assurance, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
[5] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, SONG lab, Secur & Optimizat Networked Globe Lab, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
[6] Wuhan Univ, Sch Cyber Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China
来源：
IEEE ACCESS | 2021年 / 9卷
关键词：
Blockchain; Security; Cryptography; Smart contracts; Peer-to-peer computing; Consensus algorithm; Computer architecture; Evolution of blockchain; blockchain architecture; smart contracts; blockchain applications; development frameworks; blockchain security; RESEARCH ISSUES; INTERNET; PRIVACY; BITCOIN; SYSTEMS; AUTHENTICATION; CHALLENGES; ANONYMITY; TRACKING; THINGS;
D O I：
10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3072849
中图分类号：
TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号：
0812 ;
摘要：
Blockchain is a revolutionary technology that is making a great impact on modern society due to its transparency, decentralization, and security properties. Blockchain gained considerable attention due to its very first application of Cryptocurrencies e.g., Bitcoin. In the near future, Blockchain technology is determined to transform the way we live, interact, and perform businesses. Recently, academics, industrialists, and researchers are aggressively investigating different aspects of Blockchain as an emerging technology. Unlike other Blockchain surveys focusing on either its applications, challenges, characteristics, or security, we present a comprehensive survey of Blockchain technology's evolution, architecture, development frameworks, and security issues. We also present a comparative analysis of frameworks, classification of consensus algorithms, and analysis of security risks & cryptographic primitives that have been used in the Blockchain so far. Finally, this paper elaborates on key future directions, novel use cases and open research challenges, which could be explored by researchers to make further advances in this field.
引用
收藏
页码：61048 / 61073
页数：26
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