Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Nervous System

被引:43
作者
Hayashi, Yasunori [1 ]
Ford, Lenzie K. [2 ]
Fioriti, Luana [3 ]
McGurk, Leeanne [4 ]
Zhang, Mingjie [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
[2] Columbia Univ, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behav Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
[3] Ist Ricovero & Cura Carattere Sci, Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, I-20156 Milan, Italy
[4] Univ Dundee, Sch Life Sci, Cell & Dev Biol, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
[5] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[6] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
关键词
liquid-liquid phase separation; membraneless organelle; local protein synthesis; synapse; neurodegenerative diseases; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MESSENGER-RNA LOCALIZATION; FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION; ALPHA-HELICAL STRUCTURE; LOCAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CELL-FREE FORMATION; PRION-LIKE DOMAINS; DENDRITIC SPINES; BINDING PROTEINS; LC DOMAIN;
D O I
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1656-20.2020
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Molecules within cells are segregated into functional domains to form various organelles. While some of those organelles are delimited by lipid membranes demarcating their constituents, others lack a membrane enclosure. Recently, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) revolutionized our view of how segregation of macromolecules can produce membraneless organelles. While the concept of LLPS has been well studied in the areas of soft matter physics and polymer chemistry, its significance has only recently been recognized in the field of biology. It occurs typically between macromolecules that have multivalent interactions. Interestingly, these features are present in many molecules that exert key functions within neurons. In this review, we cover recent topics of LLPS in different contexts of neuronal physiology and pathology.
引用
收藏
页码:834 / 844
页数:11
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